Dinosaurs structure

Extraordinarily, fragments of the protein of connective tissue known as collagen have recently been extracted from bones of Tyrannosaurus rex. The primary structure of these fragments strengthens the suggestion that birds are our closest extant relatives to dinosaurs. This finding is certain to set off a determined effort to recover additional protein material from ancient fossils. 

Fullerenes are rather easily oxidized, which explains the fact that, despite their commonplace occurrence in soots, they had escaped detection for so long. Fullerenes have now been found in Precambrian carbonaceous rocks from Karelia, Russia in breccias associated with the 1.85-billion-year-old Sudbury impact structure in Canada and in a sooty layer (believed to be due to fires from the asteroid impact that is thought to have killed off the dinosaurs) marking the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in New Zealand.8... 

Chalcedony after bone Petrified bone Usually red or brown, opaque, often shows cell structure (usually dinosaur bone)... 

Figure 17 Growth lines (a) Enamel of a dinosanr tooth, (b) Vertical section in a Dinosaur eggshell, (c) Polished and etched section of a fish otolith, (d) Complex structure of a fossil cephalopod shell (Belopterina)...

So by the measure of ERD, we are a httle more complex than the reptiles, but birds have the most complex bodies, because flight makes so many energetic and structural demands. This also appears to apply to flying insects and presumably would apply to flying dinosaurs if any powered their own flight (an experiment I d love to try if 1 could just figure out how). 

This creativity may be seen with birds. The branch of dinosaurs that eventually became birds started to reduce in body size as far back as 200 million years ago, according to careful measurements of fossil leg bones. (Smaller bodies have greater ERDs, so this would represent an increase in ERD.) Structures that would become feathers evolved convergently, using old genes that predated even dinosaurs. The avian body plan was gradually assembled before the meteor impact, but its results would not be seen until after. 

Neural networks may be divided into static (or traditional) and dynamic types. Although both types solve the same sorts of problems, they do so in different ways. Static nenral networks do not change their strueture onee they have been created and operate on a fixed number of classes (e.g. types of dinosaurs). Dynamie neural networks can change their structure and can operate in an environment where the number of elasses is not fixed. Which type to use will depend on the problem that is to be solved. 

---