Nitramines dinitro compounds

This change in editorial leadership has resulted, perhaps inevitably, in a change in editorial policy which is reflected in the contents of Volume 8. there has been a marked de-emphasis on the inclusion of organic parent compounds followed by an exhaustive and voluminous cataloging of azide, azido, azo, diazido, diazonium, diazo, nitro, dinitro, polynitro, nitramine, nitrate (esters and salts), dinitrate, polynitrate, nitroso, polynitroso, chlorate, perchlorate, peroxide, picrate, etc, derivatives - regardless of whether any of these derivatives exhibit documented explosive or energetic properties. Only those materials having such properties have been included in this volume... 

Synthesis of aliphatic 1,3-dinitro compounds from 1,2-nitramines... 

Hybrid compounds containing heterocyclic nitramine and em-dinitro functionality represent a class of high performance energetic materials. Such compounds frequently exhibit higher heats of formation, crystal density, detonation velocity and pressure, and better oxygen balance compared to analogous aromatic compounds. 

By the negative chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectral method the negative ions of 2-nitroimidazole are obtained [1305], This method is much more sensitive than the positive chemical ionization one. The analytical potential of the NCI mass spectrometry for the analysis of different classes of nitro compounds has been discussed [1305], Mass spectra of 1,4-dinitro-, 2,4-dinitro-, and 4,5-dinitroimidazoles have been studied [1306], Comparisons of mass spectra (70 eV) of these compounds have shown that the fragment product ions have the same m/z values, but differ in their relative abundance and in the ion appearing the main peak. It seems that this difference is due to the nitramine functionality of 1,4-dinitroimidazole [1306]. 

Primary nitroaromatics are TNT the environmental breakdown products, including 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), 2,4-and 2,6-dinitro-toluene (DNTs) and the primary reduction products 2-amino 4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino 2,6-dinitrotoluene (ADNTs). Nitramines include RDX and octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Additional energetic compounds discussed in this chapter include nitroglycerin, white phosphorus, and ammonium perchlorate. Other energetic compounds are not discussed due to a lack of information regarding toxicity to wildlife species. 

MC found primarily at impact areas and tiring lines of U.S. military testing and training ranges often consist of mixtures of residues from several MC. These may include the nitroaromatic explosive compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4- and 2,6-dinitro-toluene (DNT), and trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl) nitrate esters such as nitrocellulose (NC), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and nitroglycerin (NG) and the nitramine compounds, hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Most of these MC have been in use for decades, either as primary or secondary explosives or in propellant compositions. 

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