Dimethyltitanocene

On the other hand, iridium catalysts give very high selectivity for formation of the primary borane.167 Several other catalysts have been described, including, for example, dimethyltitanocene.168... 

In the course of studying the reactions of Si-H compounds with dialkyltitanocenes, with a view to the synthesis of new hydridosilyltitanocene complexes, we adventitiously discovered that phenylsilane undergoes facile, quantitative dehydrogenative coupling to a linear poly(phenylsilylene) under the catalytic influence of dimethyltitanocene. The ease with which this reaction proceeds initially induced us to underestimate the significance of the observation. 

Normally, no small cyclopolysilanes are observed in these reactions. Two exceptions we have noted are the very slow reaction of phenylsilane under the influence of Cp2TiMe2 and the reaction of benzylsilane under the influence of dimethyltitanocene at very long reaction times. From both of these reactions we isolate a single isomer of the cyclohexasilane, in ca. 10 per cent yield in the case of the phenylsilane and ca. 60 per cent yield in the case of the benzylsilane. These isomers are believed to be the all-trans isomers. The phenyl derivative is identical to that... 

The compounds 2 and 3, have all been isolated from reactions of phenylsilane with either dimethyltitanocene (1 2) or dimethyl-zirconocene (r ). All of the evidence points to the fact that these compounds are probably resting species and are not involved in the catalytic cycle. They do nevertheless give some indication of the complex series of reactions that transform the dimethyl-metallocene to active catalyst. 

A similar dichotomy was observed in the titanium catalyzed polymerization of primary silanes coupled to the hydrogenation of norbornene (20). At low catalyst concentration (ca. 0.004H), essentially complete conversion of norbornene to an equimolar mixture of norbornane and bis-phenylsilyl- (and/or 1,2-diphenyl-disilyl)norbornane was observed. Under these conditions no evidence for reduction of titanium was obtained. At higher catalyst concentrations (> 0.02M) rapid reduction of the dimethyltitanocene to J, and 2 occurs and the catalytic reaction produces mainly polysilane (DPn ca. 10) and norbornane in ca. 80 per cent yields, and silylated norbornanes in about 20 per cent yield. 

A methylenation of cyclic carbonates such as 6/4-132 using dimethyltitanocene to give a ketene acetal, followed by a subsequent Claisen rearrangement, allowed the synthesis of medium-ring lactones such as 6/4-133 in good yields these are otherwise difficult to obtain. In this transformation, 6/4-133 is formed as a l l-mix-ture of the two atropisomers 6/4-133a and 6/4-133b (Scheme 6/4.33). The substrate... 

Hartwig65 reported that dimethyltitanocene is an efficient catalyst for the hydroboration of alkenes and examined the mechanism of titanocene dicarbonyl-catalyzed the hydroboration of alkynes (Scheme 5).66... 

Aluminum-free titanocene-methylidene can be generated by thermolysis of titana-cyclobutanes 6, which are prepared by reaction of the Tebbe reagent with appropriate olefins in the presence of pyridine bases [9]. Alternatively, the titanacyclobutanes are accessible from titanocene dichloride and bis-Grignard reagents [10] or from 71-allyl titanocene precursors [11]. The a-elimination of methane from dimethyltitanocene 7 provides a convenient means of preparing titanocene-methylidene under almost neutral conditions [12] (Scheme 14.5). 

Reactions of titanocene-methylidene generated from titanacyclobutanes with acyl chlorides 55 [46] or acid anhydrides 56 [47] lead initially to the titanium enolates 57 (Scheme 14.24), which then afford aldols upon treatment with the carbonyl compounds. On the other hand, five-membered cyclic anhydrides are methylenated with dimethyltitanocene (Table 14.5, entry 7) [45]. 

Similarly to alkenes, alkynes react with various titanium-methylidene precursors, such as the Tebbe reagent [13,63], titanacydobutanes [9b, 64], and dimethyltitanocene [65] to form the titanium-containing unsaturated cyclic compounds, titanacydobutenes 67 (Scheme 14.29). Alternatively, 2,3-diphenyltitanacydobutene can be prepared by the reaction of the complex titanocene(II) bis(trimethylphosphine) with 1,2-diphenylcyclopropene [66]. Substituent effects in titanacydobutenes [67], the preparation of titanocene-vinylke-tene complexes by carbonylation of titanacydobutenes [68], and titanacyclobutene-vinylcar-bene complex interconversion [69] have been investigated. 

Since the hybridization and structure of the nitrile group resemble those of alkynes, titanium carbene complexes react with nitriles in a similar fashion. Titanocene-methylidene generated from titanacyclobutane or dimethyltitanocene reacts with two equivalents of a nitrile to form a 1,3-diazatitanacyclohexadiene 81. Hydrolysis of 81 affords p-ketoena-mines 82 or 4-amino-l-azadienes 83 (Scheme 14.35) [65,78]. The formation of the azati-tanacyclobutene by the reaction of methylidene/zinc halide complex with benzonitrile has also been studied [44]. 

Several other catalysts have been described, including, for example, dimethyltitanocene.129 130... 

The solution must not be allowed to evaporate to dryness dimethyltitanocene is unstable in the solid phase and could decompose with heat and gas evolution. The compound is also known to be unstable in neat solution at temperatures above 60°C. The concentration must be done at high (20 mm or less) vacuum. 

The submitters have some evidence that thermally stressed solutions of dimethyltitanocene are more stable when diluted with an equal volume of THF. No complete study of the long term 5°C stability of the solution has been done, but a 10 wt% solution in THF/toluene can be stored for several months in the refrigerator. 

Petasis, et al. have discovered that dimethyltitanocene is an excellent substitute for the Tebbe reagent" for the methylenation of heteroatom-substituted carbonyl compounds. ... 

The advantages of this reagent are its straightfonvard synthesis and relative air stability. The previous procedure for the synthesis of dimethyltitanocene used methyllithium in diethyl ether, which is unsuitable for large scale operations because of its extreme pyrophoricity. In addition, the method isolated the compound as a crystalline solid, which the submitters have found to be very unstable. The method described here addresses both of these concerns, and can be used to prepare multiple kilograms of the reagent. 

The preparation of dimethyltitanocene from methylmagnesium iodide and dichlorotitanocene in diethyl ether has been reported in a German patent. Few details of the procedure are provided, and a yield of 58% is reported. German Patent 1,037,446 (March 12, 1959) to Farbwerke Hoechst Chem. Abstr., 1960, 54 18546f ). 

Dimethyltitanocene Titanium, di-n-cyclopentadienyldimethyl- (8) Titanium, bis(ti -2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)dimethyl- (9) (1271-66-5)... 

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