2.9- dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline

Interest in the sulfonation of 1,10-phenanthrolines has stemmed principally from the desire to prepare water-soluble reagents for the estimation of metals. Following on from preliminary experiments on the sulfonation of 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (batho-phenanthroline)278 and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline... 

Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline give disulfonic acids on reaction with chloro-sulfonic acid at 25°. The position of substitution was not established, but presumably it occurs in the two phenyl rings.281 An improved method of sulfonation utilizes hot fuming sulfuric acid.282... 

Cuproine (2,2 -biquinolyl, formula 19.2), neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, formula 19.3), and bathocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, formula 19.4) react with copper(I) to form coloured cationic complexes. The methods using these reagents are specific for copper, but are of relatively low sensitivity. 

In particular, the palladium complex with 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, was selected as the most efficient catalyst. The presence of the methyl substitution in 2,9-positions was necessary to avoid the formation of binuclear complexes like 1 (detected using 1,10-phenanthroline as palladium ligand), which are stable in reaction conditions and are responsible of the fast irreversible deactivation of the catalyst. 

Light-emitting devices using ruthenium complexes, such as tris-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline ruthenium(II) (c.f. Figure 1.11) as dopant in a PVK-based matrix, have been studied. The device was built up of several layers. First, a PVK doped with the ruthenium complex was spin-coated onto ITO. Then a 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline layer was applied for hole blocking. Then, a buffer layer of Alqs was applied. Finally, a bilayer of LiF and A1 was used. The ruthenium complex dopant shows an efficient improvement in device brightness and efficiency in comparison to other devices.Further, a tunable device, based on the same ruthenium complex has been described. 

A new series of copper(i) complexes bearing 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmpp) and a diphosphine ligand has been reported. The photoluminescence of the complexes in solution was studied and compared with that of the previously reported ones bearing 2,9-dimethyl-l,10-phenanthroline (dmp), see Fig. l. It was found that the two... 

Figure 7.4 shows the structures of typical electron transport organic semiconductors. Alq3, which can act both as an electron conductor and green emitter, was used by Tang in his first OLEDs and is still in use today. Besides metal complexes electron deficient heterocycles are frequently used as electron transport materials. The triazine derivative TPT [14, 15], the oxadiazole PBD and its spiro analogue spiro-PBD [16, 17] and the benzimidazole TPBI serve as typical examples. 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) has a very low HOMO level and is often used as a hole blocking layer. 

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