Dihydrostreptomycin ototoxicity

Hawkins JE Jr, Stebbins WC, Johnsson LG, Moody DB, Muraski A (1977) The patas monkey as a model for dihydrostreptomycin ototoxicity. Acta Otolaryngol 83(1-2)423-129... 

Halla JT, Hardin J (1988) Salicylate ototoxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis a controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 47(2) 134—137. doi 10.1136/ard.47.2.134 Halla JT, Atchison S, Hardin J (1991) Symptomatic salicylate ototoxicity a useful indicator of serum salicylate concentration Ann Rheum Dis 50(10) 682-684. doi 10.1136/ard.50.10.682 Hawkins JE Jr, Stebbins WC, Johnsson LG, Moody DB, Muraski A (1984) The patas monkey as a model for dihydrostreptomycin ototoxicity. Acta Otolaryngol 83(1-2) 123-129 He J, Yin S, Wang J, Ding D, Jiang H (2009) Effectiveness of different approaches for establishing cisplatin-induced cochlear lesions in mice. Acta Otolaryngol 129(12) 1359-1367. doi 10.3109/ 00016480902856604... 

Dihydrostreptomycin was developed as a non-ototoxic alternative to streptomycin, however it was just as ototoxic. Clinically, dihydrostreptomycin used to be given in combination with penicillin G, but most of these injectable products are no longer available. 

Side effects of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin treatment are mainly toxic in nature. Toxicity to the auditory vestibular organs, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and toxicity to the bone marrow have all been observed (Rasmussen 1972 Hoigne 1975). There are also reports of peripheral neuritis and neuromuscular blockade, occurring presumably as a result of the potentiation of non-depolarizing anesthetics (Hoigne 1975). Because of its strong ototoxicity, dihydrostreptomycin is no longer in use in the Western hemisphere. 

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