Diffusional Broadening of Ion Packets and IMS Separation Power

2 described single ions. Here we consider the collective motion of ion packets (also called swarms).  

FIGURE 1,6 Simulated Brownian motion of an ion in the absence (a) and presence (b) of electric field, followed over 800 collisions with gas molecules. 

t) is their density at a radius r from the center at time t 

As seen in Equation 1.19, diffusion is the first-order process that is independent of the 

This value of R still technically depends on the baseline that adds to the peak and thus changes its maximum and half-maximum heights, affecting the apparent wi/2 

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