Diffusion Mechanisms in Crystalline Solids

A number of diffusion mechanisms in crystalline solids are possible. Atoms vibrate in their equilibrium sites after that, periodically, these oscillations turn out to be large enough to give rise to a jump from one site to the other. The order of magnitude of the frequency of these oscillations is about 1012-1013 Hz. In this regard, it has been shown that the jump rate at which an atom jumps into an empty neighboring site is given by [30] 

The Physical Chemistry of Materials Energy and Environmental Applications 

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