Differential Normal Double Pulse Voltammetry

This technique is based on the derivative of the NPV curve introduced by Barker and Gardner [2]. In DDPV, two consecutive potentials E and E2 are applied during times 0 < fi < ti and 0 < t2 < z2. respectively, with the length of the second pulse being much shorter than the first (t /t2 = 50 100). The difference AE = E2 — E is kept constant during the experiment and the difference A/DDPV = h h is plotted versus E or versus an average potential E y2 = (E +E2)/2. When the two pulses are of similar duration, the technique is known as Differential Normal Double Pulse Voltammetry (DNDPV) (Scheme 4.3). 

A variant of double-pulse voltammetry is the DNPV or differential normal pulse voltammetry, where at the end of each pulse an additional small constant pulse is imposed63 . 

Equation (4.77) corresponds to the normal mode of Differential Double Pulse Voltammetry for which the duration of the second applied pulse is not restricted as in the case of DDPV [35]. From this equation, the expression of the current A/dndpv at very negative and positive potentials valid for any electrode geometry can be directly obtained,... 

Differential Double Pulse Voltammetry (DDPV), where the length of the second pulse (t2) is much shorter than the length of the first pulse (t/), t//t2 = 50-100 (Fig. 2.36a), which leads to very high sensitivity. Differential Double Normal Pulse Voltammetry (DDNPV) is where both pulses have similar durations tj x t2 (Fig. 2.36b). 

Distinguish between (a) voltammetry and amperometry, (b) linear-scan voltammetry and pulse voltammetry, (c) differential-pulse voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry, (d) an RDE and a ring-disk electrode, (e) faradaic impedance and double-layer capacitance, (f) a limiting current and a diffusion current, (g) laminar flow and turbulent flow, (h) the standard electrode potential and the half-wave potential for a reversible reaction at a working electrode, (i) normal stripping methods and adsorptive stripping methods. 

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