Diethyldithiocarbamate effect

New efficient vulcanization systems have been introduced in the market based on quaternary ammonium salts initially developed in Italy (29—33) and later adopted in Japan (34) to vulcanize epoxy/carboxyl cure sites. They have been found effective in chlorine containing ACM dual cure site with carboxyl monomer (43). This accelerator system together with a retarder (or scorch inhibitor) based on stearic acid (43) and/or guanidine (29—33) can eliminate post-curing. More recently (47,48), in the United States a proprietary vulcanization package based on zinc diethyldithiocarbamate [14324-55-1]... 

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, (C2H5)2N CS S Na+. This reagent is generally used as a 2 per cent aqueous solution it decomposes rapidly in solutions of low pH. It is an effective extraction reagent for over 20 metals into various organic solvents, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and ethanol. The selectivity is enhanced by the control of pH and the addition of masking agents. 

Selenium is extracted as diethyldithiocarbamate complex from the solution containing citrate and EDTA [5]. Ohta and Suzuki [6] found that only a few elements, such as copper, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, are also extracted together with selenium. They examined this for effects of hundredfold amounts of elements co-extracted with the selenium diethyldithiocarbamate complex. An appreciable improvement of interferences from diverse elements was observed in the presence of copper. Silver depressed the selenium absorption in the case of atomisation of diethyldithiocarbamate complex, but the interference of silver was suppressed in the presence of copper. The atomisation profile from diethyldithiocarbamate complex was identical with that from selenide. 

The mechanism proposed72 involves initial nucleophilic attack at the carbene carbon by the dithiocarbamate anion, effectively resulting in addition across the metal-carbon bond. Rearrangements of the dithiocarbamate ligands then form an V-allyldithiocarbamate species Complex 53 was isolated from the reaction mixture of 51 with the diethyldithiocarbamate and identified by X-ray crystallography. 

Masuda Y, Nakayama N. 1982. Protective effect of diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide against liver injury induced by various hepatotoxic agents. Biochem Pharmacol 31 2713-2725. 

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, dimethyldithiocarbamate and disulphuram are potent inhibitors of the enzyme dopamine-0-hydroxylase of brain, possibly because of chelation of copper. The copper-diethyldithiocarbamate complex penetrates the central nervous system more readily than does copper ion, itself. These effects slow the disappearance of pentobarbitone from plasma and produce behavioural changes in rats180. ... 

Susa N, Ueno S, Furukawa Y, et al. 1998. Protective effect of diethyldithiocarbamate pretreatment on chromium(VI)-induced cytotoxicity, and lipid peroxidation in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. J Vet... 

Cotter MA, Policz DL, Poch G, Dawson DA. 2000. Analysis of the combined osteolathyritic effects of beta-aminopropionitrile and diethyldithiocarbamate on Xenopus development. Toxicol Sci 58 144-152. 

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, (C2Hs)2NCSS Na, is effective for the extraction of about 20 metals ° into various organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride. The stabilities of the diethyldithiocarbamates are in general parallel to the insolubilities of the sulfides. Bode and Stary and Kratzer carried out systematic studies of various metals, using masking agents for selective extractions. 

An impressive list of compounds has been used to decrease cisplatin nephrotoxicity [ANF, glycine, diethyldithiocarbamate, calcium channel blockers, cimetidine, sodium thiosulphate, glutathione, other sulfidryl compounds,. ..]. Among them only sodium thiosulphate has received a significant clinical application and has been reported to reduce the renal toxicity of cisplatin administered locally by either the intra-arterial, intra-peritoneal or intrathoracic routes [50, 51]. However, controversies still exists as to the effect of sodium thiosulphate on cisplatin antitumor activity. Thus sodium thiosulphate may be most useful in combination with intraperitoneal cisplatin where it confers renal protection without altering local effects of cisplatin [51]. 

Chelating agents may be used to reduce the body burden after exposure. Diethyldithiocarbamate is the preferred chelating agent. D-Penicillamine and calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate may also be effective in enhancing excretion of nickel. 

Lead diethyldithiocarbamate dissolved in chloroform has been introduced as an effective reagent for concentrating copper (Hg, Au) from sea water. The metal ions are completely and selectively extracted from 500 ml of sea water into 10 ml of extractant solution. Lead diethyldithiocarbamate in chloroform should be added in at least 100-fold excess to the quantity of extractable metals. The sea water is favourably adjusted to pH 2-3 M). 

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