Dielectric Phenomena in Materials

As soon as a nonpolar material is exposed to a static electric field, E, dipoles become excited. That is, a local charge difference is induced within the neutral species, as the centers of gravity for the equal amount of positive and negative charges, Q, turn out to be separated by a small distance, d, generating a dipole with a dipole moment 

In this section, a simple description of the dielectric polarization process is provided, and later to describe dielectric relaxation processes, the polarization mechanisms of materials produced by macroscopic static electric fields are analyzed. The relation between the macroscopic electric response and microscopic properties such as electronic, ionic, orientational, and hopping charge polarizabilities is very complex and is out of the scope of this book. This problem was successfully treated by Lorentz. He established that a remarkable improvement of the obtained results can be obtained at all frequencies by proposing the existence of a local field, which diverges from the macroscopic electric field by a correction factor, the Lorentz local-field factor [27], 

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In Section 1.7, dielectric phenomena in materials were described. Here, we apply dielectric effects in the characterization of materials [88,100-134],... 

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