Dielectric analysis method description

A fuller theoretical analysis of vdW interactions requires recourse to Lifshitz theory [8[. Lifshitz theory requires a description of the dielectric behavior of materials as a function of frequency, and there are several reviews for the calculation of Hamaker functions using this theory. The method described by Hough and White (H-W) [95], employing the Ninham-Parsegian [96] representation of dielectric data, has proved to be most useful. The nonretarded Hamaker constant (for materials l and 2, separated by material 3) is given by... 

The current density approach is shown to be effective in the analysis of the stopping phenomenon and also presents itself as a method for realistic description of experimental results. In the case of a uniform electron gas, the combination of free-electron and dielectric models provides a possibility to take into account both the higher order effects and the screening of the projectile field. In addition, the free-electron model provides a possibility to analyze, in detail, the role of quantum effects. It has been shown that origin of the Bloch correction is closely related to this problem. The results for uniform electron gas can be used to describe the energy loss in atomic substances if, additionally, the local response approach is applied. The Lindhard-Sharff model can be considered as a particular case where electron dynamics is treated in the linear response approach. 

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