3,5-Dichloro-2 -pyrazinones

Dichloro-2( lff)-pyrazinones 273 Dihydropteridinones, fluorous synthesis, cyclative cleavage 113... 

Thieno[3,4- ] and [3,4-f]pyridine derivatives can be generated from a cycloaddition reaction of oxazinones with l,4-dichloro-2-butyne to afford polyhalogenated pyridine products which cyclize to thienopyridines (Scheme 39) <2001T4203>. In a similar reaction, pyrazinones, 122, containing alkynyl substituents cyclize to form thieno[3,4-3] and [3,4-i ]pyridine derivatives <2002TL799, 2004T429>. 

Studies directed toward the synthesis of bicyclomycin have resulted in the discovery of efficient routes to the construction of the 2-oxa-8,10-diazabicyclo[4.2.2]decane system (160). Thus, the monolactim ether (155) with a hydroxypropyl side chain at position 3, on oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), gave the product (156) in good yield, presumably via an iminium species (Scheme 51). No trace of the spiro compound (157) could be detected in this reaction. The formation of (156) is probably kinetically controlled. Prior protection of the alcohol as a silyl ether, followed by DDQ oxidation, gave the pyrazinone (158) subsequent deprotection and acid treatment gave the thermodynamically preferred spiro compound (159). The method has been extended to the synthesis of (160), having an exocyclic methylene this compound is a key intermediate in the total synthesis of bicyclomycin [88JCS(P1)2585]. 

Heating with phosphoryl chloride converted 1 -hydroxy-3-phenyl-2( 1H )-pyrazinone (52) into the 2,5-dichloro derivative (53) via the 5-monochIoro species. It had been expected that chlorination would take place at C-6, but this occurred only to a minor extent. The observed chloride attack /3 to the oxygen function might be accounted for in terms of the sequence illustrated in Scheme 46 (86JHC149). Reaction mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observed a- and /3-chlorination when 2- and 3-substituted pyrazine Af-oxides are subjected to the Meisenheimer reaction. /3-Chlorination was rationalized in terms of electron withdrawal by the unoxidized nitrogen atom [84JCR(S)318] (Scheme 46). 

Ethyl 2,3-dichloro-6-methylfuro[2,3-b]pyrazinc-7-carboxylate (89) gave 5,6-dichloro-3-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-2(l//)-pyrazinone (90) (NH4OH, NH4C1, EtOH—THF, 50°C, 12 h 29%).1308... 

I -Benzyl-3,6-dichloro-2( l//)-pyrazinonc (127, R = Cl) gave l-benzyl-5-chloro-3-methyl-2(17/)-pyrazinone (127, R = Me) [Me4Sn, Pd(PPh3)4, PhMe, reflux, <5 days residue from evaporation, KF, AcOEt, 20°C, 12 h 81%) or its 3-ethyl ho-mologues (127, R = Et) (Et4Sn, likewise 95%) 391 analogues similarly.391... 

Note The paucity of examples in this category is surprising. l-Benzyl-3,5-dichloro-2(l//)-pyrazinone (131) gave l-benzyl-5-chloro-3-pheny 1-2(1//)-pyrazinone (132) [PhMgBr/Et20 (made in situ), THF, -30°C, 10 min 90%].374... 

Mcthyl-5-phenyl-2(l//)-pyrazinone (4) gave 2-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenylpyra-zine (5) (P0C13,175°C, sealed, 18 h 92% beware of pressure within the tube even when cooled ) 57 such a sealed reaction also converted 5-chloro-3-phcnyl-2( l//)-pyrazinone into 2,5-dichloro-3-phenylpyrazine (6) (185°C, 5 h 92%).1382... 

Benzyl-3,5-dichloro-6-phenyl-2(l//)-pyrazinone (91, R = Cl) gave 1-benzyl-5-chloro-3-(o-iodoanilino)-6-phcnyl-2(l//)-pyrazinonc (91, R = NHC6H4I-o) (H2NC6H4I-o, NaH, THF, N2, 20°C, 30 min substrate J, reflux, <5 h 78%) 1607 analogues likewise.1607 Also other examples.481,1063... 

Dichloro- l-phenyl-2(l//)-pyrazinone (207) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxy-late gave an unisolated adduct (208) that immediately underwent competitive retro-Diels-Alder reactions to afford dimethyl 2,6-dichloro-3,4-pyridinedicar-boxylate (209) and dimethyl 5-chloro-6-oxo-l-phenyl-l,6-dihydro-2,... 

Bromo-5,6-dichloro-2-pyrazinamine 3-Bromo-5,6-dichloro-2(177)-pyrazinone 5-Bromo-3,6-diethyl-2(77)-pyrazinone 5-Bromo-3,6-diisobutyl-2(177)-pyrazinone 5-Bromo-3,6-diisobutyl-2(177)-pyrazinone... 

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