Diacylglycerol lipase and monoacylglycerol

Fig. 5.4 Effects of glutamate on diacylglycerol lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase activities of neuron-enriched cultures from fetal mouse spinal cord. Diacylglycerol lipase (clear bars) and monoacylglycerol glycerol lipase (hatched bars). Data modified from Farooqui et al., 1993...

Triacylglycerol lipase is a hormonally regulated enzyme (Figure 18.11) that catalyzes the hydrolytic release of fatty acid from carbon 1 or 3 of the glycerol moiety. The fatty acid release is followed by the action of a diacylglycerol lipase and a monoacylglycerol lipase, in turn. 

Allen, A. C., Gammon, C. M., Ousley, A. H., McCarthy, K. D., and Morell, R (1992). Bradykinin stimulates arachidonic acid release through the sequential actions of an sn- diacylglycerol lipase and a monoacylglycerol lipase. J. Neurochem. 58, 1130-1139. 

Farooqui, A. A., Anderson, D. K., and Horrocks, L. A. (1994). Potentiation of diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol lipase activities by glutamate and its analogs. J. Neurochem. 62, S74B... 

Unlike glutamate and NMDA, the treatment of neuron-enriched cultures with KA (100 /zM) has no effect on diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol lipase activities (Farooqui et al., 1993 Farooqui and Horrocks, 1994). This suggests that... 

Thromboxane syn esis in platelets is triggered by the release of AA from platelet membrane phospholipids (14). This initial release appears to occur through activation of two major pathways a) the first pathway involves a sequoitial hydrolysis of 1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) fcxmed during platelet receptm -coupled activatirm of phospholipase C/D (PLC/PLD), by DAG- and monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipases, re )ectivefy (21,22). We have shown that hydrolysis of DAG by this pathwty results equimolar amounts of saturated fat acids (stearic palmitic acids) fixxn the sn-1 position and unsaturated fatty acids [oleic acid (18 1, -9), linoleic acid (18 2, co-6) and... 

Farooqui AA, Anderson DK, Horrocks LA (1993) Effect of glutamate and its analogs on diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol lipase activities of neuron-enriched cultures. Brain Res 604 180-184... 

Konrad RJ, Major CD, Wolf BA (1994) Diacylglycerol hydrolysis to arachidonic acid is necessary for insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets sequential actions of diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol lipases. Biochemistry 33 13284-13294... 

Metabolism of DAG attenuates PKC activation, resulting in signal termination. DAG can be phosphory-lated to PA by a diacylglycerol kinase or degraded by specific lipases. Sequential hydrolysis of DAG by diacyT and monoacylglycerol lipases to free fatty acids and glycerol appears to be the predominant route for removal of the DAG in vascular smooth muscle (Lee and Severson, 1994). 

Diacylglycerol lipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes a fatty acid from a diacylglycerol (glycerol with only two fatty acids esterified to it) to yield a monoacylglycerol and a free fatty acid. 

Tripathi V, Trivedi R, Singh RP. 2006. lipase-cattilyzed synthesis of diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol from unsaturated fatty acid in oiganic solvent system. J Oleo Sci 55 65-69. 

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