Devices channel waveguides

In a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) device the light from a laser beam is divided into two identical beams that travel the MZI arms (sensor and reference areas) and are recombined again into a monomode channel waveguide giving a signal which is dependent on the phase difference... 

Fig. 112. (Top) Polymer channel waveguide for optical gain. (Bottom) Calculated differential optical gain for an Er-doped devices (organic complex, 2x1 pm2 core section) as a function of pump power for direct (—) and ligand (—) excitation reproduced with permission from (SloolFet al., 2002).

The SHG case, in which two photons of the same energy combine into one of twice that energy, is certainly the most experimentally investigated parametric interaction at this time. It is generally studied in the low conversion limit. In the case of a 2D channel waveguide, the second harmonic power P2 may be expressed as a function of the material characteristics, device structure, propagation interaction length L and fundamental input power Px as ... 

In this chapter, the development of NLO polymers with thin film or channel waveguide structures directed toward practical optical devices will be discussed. All optical signal processing polymers and electro-optical polymers are presented. Hybrid polymer optical devices for future applications will also be presented. 

Deuteration or fluorination will be needed even for NLO waveguides. It is necessary to fabricate channel waveguides with low loss to make NLO polymer devices such as phase modulators that can be driven with low input power. To this end, a deuterated 3RDCVXY polymer was developed for device application its chemical structure is shown in Figure 3.12(b) [48]. This polymer is composed of 3RDCVXY-attached PMMA and a transparent PMMA where all the hydrogen atoms are deuterated. 

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