Detonation ignition and

DETONATORS, IGNITERS AND PRIMERS USED FOR NONMILITARY PURPOSES Part A... 

DETONATORS, IGNITERS AND PRIMERS USED FOR INITIATING LOW EXPLOSIVES (INCLUDING PROPELLANTS) IN MILITARY AMMUNITION (EXCEPT IN FUZES)... 

Ignition Compositions for Use With Pyrotechnics. This subject was treated in considerable detail in Vol 4 under Detonator, Igniters and Primers, Sect 3, Part B Ignition Train Used in Pyrotechnics, pp D759-768, with the following additional reference ... 

MS Delay Assemblies, and LEDCORE Seismic Delay Units)] 5) Encycl of Expls, Vol 4(1969), D733"L to D742-L (Detonators, Igniters, and Primers Used for Nonmilitary Purposes)... 

Detonators, igniters and primers used for initiating low expls in military ammo 4 D757ff... 

The views of various authors on the mechanism of chemical reaction in a detonation wave are considered. It is shown that diffusion of active particles and heating by thermal conduction cannot play a significant role in propagation of detonation. Ignition and the beginning of the chemical reaction are caused by instantaneous compression of the material and the related increase in temperature. 

Cachia, G.P., Invited Paper Summary Paper on Initiation, Ignition and Growth of Reaction, in Fourth Symposium (International) on Detonation, ACR-126 (edited by Jacobs, S.J.), Office of Naval Research, Washington, DC, 1966, pp. 512-516. 

Prevent air contamination in high-pressure reactions since the nitrogen dioxide which could form may pose ignition and detonation hazards. 

It is emphasized that the system shown in Figure 5-13 represents only a simplification of actual plant installations, which may he more complex. If it is not obvious at which point ignition is likely to occur, a flame arrester installed in an actual plant may have to he selected to face a comhination of the conditions shown in Figure 5-13. Therefore, for manifolded vent systems, the arrester should he a hidirectional, detonation type, and hoth sides of the arrester element should he provided with thermocouples to detect a stable flame. 

This chapter describes the main features of vapor cloud explosions, flash fires, and BLEVEs. It identifies the similarities and differences among them. Effects described are supported by several case histories. Chapter 3 will present details of dispersion, deflagration, detonation, ignition, blast, and radiation. 

Mullins, B. P. and Penner, S. D., Explosions, Detonations, Flammability and Ignition, Pergamon Press, London, 1959. 

Sensitiveness to Flame. See under Ignition and Explosion of MeN by Flame Sensitiveness to Initiation. MeN is more sensitive, than NG. For example, when it is initiated with a No 1 cap, under w tamping, the detonation effectiveness is equal to 88% of that with a No 8 cap, while NG under the same conditions gives only 33% effectiveness Toxicity and Fire Explosion Hazards are briefly discussed in Refs 11 12 Uses It can be used as a gelatinizer of collod cotton in commercial expls, but its high volatility is objectionable (Ref 2, p 208). Has been used in some rocket propints (Refs 11 12) Method of analysis of MeN is described by Vandoni (Ref 10)... 

It is an expl, having a ballistic strength of 114% (TNT=100) impact sensitivity-less sensitive than TNT friction sensitivity—no detonations ignition temp—270° practically non-hygroscopic and of satisfactory thermal stability Refs 1) Beil—not found 2) L.F. Fieser et... 

Figure 8.4.5 presents the streak, direct photograph illustrating the stages of transition to detonation after a weak ignition and flame acceleration phase. Four main regions may be identified ... 

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