Detection factor calculated

Detection limits from column A changed by the improvement in detection factor calculated by least squares method III. 

The values of the detection factors obtained by calculation using these assumptions and the data of Figure 2 are shown in Table I. 

The various match factors calculated by the matching program are listed in Table I. The overall match factor (PT) is a combination of forward and reverse searching techniques. It takes into account the deviations in intensity of the sample spectrum peaks with respect to the candidate spectrum peaks and vice versa for all peaks in both spectra. The pattern correspondence match factor (PC) is a forward searching match factor which takes into account the intensity deviations of sample spectrum peaks with respect to the candidate spectrum peaks for peaks common to both spectra. This factor detects structural similarities, such as substructures, based on common spectral patterns. NC, NS, and NR give an indication of the number of peaks upon which the match was based and in which direction it was most successful. IS and IR indicate the magnitude of the ion current unmatched in each direction. These match factors are similar to those proposed by Damen, Henneberg, and Wiemann (9). 

Radioactive tracers [14] are a useful tool to measure unit parameters such as residence times and distribution of the catalyst and vapors in the reactor, stripper, or regenerator. Bypassing can be detected, slip factors calculated and dilute phase residence times are examples of useful calculations that can point the way to future modifications. This technology is also useful for detecting and analyzing equipment malfunctions. Plugged distributors, erratic standpipes, and main fractionator problems such as salt deposits or flooding can be detected with tracers. 

In the most general case a plurality of gases will make a greater or lesser contribution to the Ion flow for all the masses. The share of a gas g In each case for the atomic number m will be expressed by the fragment factor Ffi g. In order to simplify calculation, the fragment factor g will also contain the transmission factor TF and the detection factor DF. Then the Ion current to mass m, as a function of the overall Ion currents of all the gases Involved, In matrix notation. Is ... 

This structure factor calculation confirms the geometric argument of (001) extinction in a body-centered crystal. Practically, we do not have to calculate the structure extinction using Equation 2.11 for simple crystal structures such as BCC and face-centered cubic (FCC). Their structure extinction rules are given in Table 2.2, which tells us the detectable crystallographic planes for BCC and FCC crystals. From the lowest Miller indices, the planes are given as following. 

Whatever the physiology of odor perception may be, the sense of smell is keener than that of taste (22). If flavors are classed into odors and tastes as is common practice in science, it can be calculated that there are probably more than 10 possible sensations of odor and only a few, perhaps five, sensations of taste (13,21,35—37). Just as a hereditary or genetic factor may cause taste variations between individuals toward phenylthiourea, a similar factor may be in operation with odor. The odor of the steroid androsterone, found in many foods and human sweat, may eflcit different responses from different individuals. Some are very sensitive to it and find it unpleasant. To others, who are less sensitive to it, it has a musk or sandalwood-like smell. Approximately 50% of the adults tested cannot detect any odor even at extremely high concentrations. It is befleved that this abiUty is genetically determined (38). 

Funk et al. have used a low-pressure mercury lamp without filter to liberate inorganic tin ions from thin-layer chromatographically separated organotin compounds these were then reacted with 3-hydroxyflavone to yield blue fluorescent chromatogram zones on a yellow fluorescent background [22]. Quantitative analysis was also possible here (XoK = 405 nm, Xji = 436 nm, monochromatic filter). After treatment of the chromatogram with Triton X-100 (fluorescence amplification by a factor of 5) the detection limits for various organotin compoimds were between 200 and 500 pg (calculated as tin). 

It is generally necessary to multiply the response obtained from a detection method by a response factor to convert the response into a useful value. For instance, the response of a fluorescence detector would be multiplied by an appropriate factor (y to obtain the concentration of the particular toxin present, or by a different factor (f ) to calculate the toxicity. Since the specific toxicities of the various toxins - the ratios of toxicity to concentration - vary over a broad range, the f and f for a given toxin will generally be different, often greatly so. Furthermore, the f may vary for the different toxins, and the f may also vary. In an analysis, multiplication by the appropriate factor is straightforward because the various components of interest are resolved and the response for each can be multiplied by the appropriate response factor, f or f, for each toxin. Assays, however, present a dilemma. Because the components are not resolved and only one response is obtained, only one response factor can be used. The potential accuracy of an assay is therefore limited principally by the range of response factors to the... 

XLOGP, version 2.0, is written in C-h-. The program reads the query compound (represented in SYBYL/MOL2 format), performs atom classification, detects correction factors, and then calculates the log P value. Due to its simple methodology the program is quite fast. It can process about 100 medium-sized compounds per second on an SGI 02/R10000 workstahon. 

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