Drug delivery systems dermatological

Hogan, D.J. Maibach, H.I. Adverse dermatologic reactions to transdermal drug delivery systems. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1990, 22 (5 Pt 1), 811-814. 

A detailed description of most of the studies that form part of the preformulation stage are given elsewhere in this volume and will not be considered here. In addition, the importance of preformulation studies in the overall development of transdermal drug delivery systems has recently been excellently reviewed and discussed by Roy (1997). The only aspect of preformulation which is specific to and important for dermatological and transdermal formulations that will be discussed in depth in this chapter concerns drug delivery characteristics. 

Basavaraj K. H., Johnsy G., Navya M. A., Rashmi R., Siddaramaiah (2010). Biopolymers as transdermal drug delivery systems in dermatology therapy. CritRev Ther nig, 27,155-185. 

Hormones, proteins, and small peptides are not suitable for oral administration without complex modifications in the formulation. A variety of approaches for insulin delivery, as a model drug, have been attempted to improve on its bioavailability. Advances have been realized in the delivery of insulin through oral, nasal, rectal, dermatologic, and ocular routes. Proteins can also be delivered transdermally, using a lipid-based, biphasic delivery system in therapeutic quantity. 

Pierre MBR, Costa IdSM. Liposomal systems as drug delivery vehicles for dermal and transdermal applications. Archives of Dermatological Research. 2011 303(9) 607-621. 

---