Department of Engineering Economic Systems

Evans, R. B., "Thermodynamic Availability as a Resource and a Tool for System Optimization," (1958). Appendix II of the report by Tribus, M. et al., Thermodynamic and Economic Considerations in the Preparation of Fresh Water From the Sea, Revised September, 1960. University of Calif., Department of Engineering, Los Angeles, Report No. 59-34 (1960). 

User requirement specifications cover more aspects than only the GMP requirement, because the URS is not written only for the validation procedure in fact, a URS is a very important project document covering technical as well as economic requirements of the technical system. Pharmaceutical manufacturing departments not only check the GMP aspects of a system additionally, following good engineering practice they will review the technical and economic aspects of a technical system. Obviously, the more experience a company gains, the more comprehensive a URS become. Past experiences such as project faults, inefficient technical systems, and bad commissioning can be included in a URS. 

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