Demonstration Denmark

BTN Bionic Euel Technologies AG Demonstration Denmark Lignocellulosics, straw pellets Diesel, PT-liquids Operational... 

Denmark and coworkers demonstrated (156) that allenes (e.g., (43 d)) can selectively react at one of two bonds with conjugated nitro olefins (42a)... 

Denmark (442, 443) studied extensively various alcohols (305) with the aim of using these compounds as auxiliaries in the process shown in Scheme 3.182 (141, 442) and demonstrated that enantiomers of alcohols (305a) and (305b) are... 

The mechanism of the Lewis acid promoted reaction of acetals has been investigated extensively. For example, Denmark demonstrated the presence of... 

The most promising second-generation biofuel technology - ligno-cellulosic processing - is already well advanced. In Europe, for example, three pilot plants have been established, in Sweden, Spain and Denmark. Other technologies to convert biomass into liquid biofuels (BtL) include Fischer-Tropsch biodiesel and bio-DME (dimethyl ether). Demonstration plants are in operation in Germany and Sweden. 

The idea that the stereochemical outcome of an intramolecular enolate alkylation is determined by chelation in the transition state was recently demonstrated by Denmark and Henke, who observed a marked preference for a "closed transition state (coordination of the cationic counterion to an enolate and the developing alcohol) resulting in a syn product. For example, the highest syn anti ratio (89 11) was obtained in toluene and the lowest syn.anti ratio (2 98) was obtained with a crown ether. These observations parallel the facial selectivities described herein and in ref 11 on the intramolecular SN2 reaction see (a) Denmark, S. A. Henke, B. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2177. (b) Denmark, S. A. Henke, B. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 8022. 

Additionally several surveys show that the restricted use of antibiotics in organic agriculture reduces the problems of antibiotic resistance, a theme that is very important in relation to zoonotic pathogens. These studies demonstrate that isolates of relevant bacteria from organic dairy herds were significantly more susceptible to antimicrobials than those from conventional herds in the USA, Denmark and Scotland (Tikofsky ef al. 2003, Sato ef al. 2004, Hoyle ef aZ. 2004). 

The concept In the first example of an organic base-catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular aldol reaction, Denmark et al. impressively demonstrated that the pres-... 

For example, scenario worked out for Denmark demonstrates that transition to sustainable energy system will not exceed expenditures necessary for supporting traditional energetic, at least during the nearest 30 years. At the same time emission of C02 can be reduced by 70%. 

A related reaction is the addition of isonitriles 75 to aldehydes 1 (the Passerini reaction). Denmark has demonstrated that SiCU, upon activation by a chiral Lewis base, which increased the Lewis acidity of the silicon (vide supra Scheme 7.14), can mediate this reaction to produce a-hydroxy amides 77 after aqueous work-up (Scheme 7.16). Phosphoramide 60 was employed as the chiral Lewis-basic catalyst [74]. Modification of the procedure for hydrolysis of 76 gives rise to the corresponding methyl ester (rather than the amide 77) [74]. (For experimental details see Chapter 14.5.5). 

Cycloadditions involving nitroalkenes as heterodiene have been employed as part of Denmark s domino [4 + 2] / [3 + 2] cycloaddition protocol for the synthesis of natural products. Since also this methodology has just been exhaustively reviewed [5], its value for alkaloid synthesis might be exemplarily demonstrated... 

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