Delta receptors hydromorphone

Hydromorphone binds to mu and delta opiod receptors in the central nervous system. It has no effect at the kappa, sigma, or epsilon opioid receptors. Activity at the mu receptors causes analgesia, but also miosis, urinary retention, constipation, hyperthermia, and euphoria. Other side effects such as respiratory depression, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, and development of tolerance are due to binding at both mu and delta receptors. Hydromorphone, unlike other opioids, also has a direct depressant effect on the respiratory brainstem center and the cough center in the medulla. 

Sold as Dilaudid in the U.S., hydromorphone is a semisynthetic, differing from morphine only by presence of a 6-keto group, and the hydrogenation of the double bond at the 7-8 position of the molecule.57 Like morphine, it acts primarily at the mu opioid receptors, and to a lesser degree at delta receptors. 

Hydromorphone has showed binding affinity to the delta opioid receptor that was equivalent to the binding affinities of etorphine, butorphanol, and lofentanil. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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