Delta partial charge

The charges formed are not full charges as found in ions. These are only partial charges, indicated by a delta, S. Many times these polar bonds are responsible for the entire molecule being polar. The molecule is polar if it has a negative end and a positive end. Polar molecules attract other polar molecules, and this attraction may greatly influence the properties of that substance. (We will see the consequences of this in Chapter 11.)... 

A lower-case delta (5) is used to indicate partial charge or an arrow is draw from the partial positive to the partial negative atom. 

The continuum in bonding from covalent to ionic as a result of unsymmetrical electron distribution. The symbol S (low/ercase Creek delta) means partial charge, either partial positive (5+) for the electron-poor atom or partial negative (S-) for the electron-rich atom. 

The lowercase Greek letter delta (S) is used to represent a partial charge. 

When the sharing of electrons in a bond isn t equal, the bond is polar, as in the H — Cl bond. Just like this battery, the bond has two poles, one positive and one negative. The symbols 8 and 8 (delta plus and delta minus) are used to show the distribution of partial charges in a polar covalent bond. The arrow points in the direction of the negative end of the bond. 

Induction causes the formation of partial positive and partial negative charges, symbolized by the Greek symbol delta (6). The partial charges that result from induction will be very important in upcoming chapters. 

In most cases, the molecule has a positive end and a negative end, called a dipole (think of a magnet). Figure 6-11 shows a couple of excimples of molecules in which dipoles have formed. (The 5 symbol by the charges is the lowercase Greek letter delta, and it refers to a partial charge.)... 

In H—F, neither H nor F holds a full formal eharge of+1 or -1. Organie ehemists represent a partial charge using the Greek letter delta (5). On the electron density map of the moleeule H—F above, add a 5+ to one atom and a 5- to the other to indicate which way the bond is polarized. 

---