Delivery basket

January 2009 bond, the 10-year benchmark and also the cheap-est-to-deliver (CTD) issue for the March 1999 Bund contract. However, it was not the CTD bond after expiry of June 1999 contract, and the extent of specialness declined after this point. Interestingly, this bond remained in the delivery basket for subsequent contracts and its special status fluctuated. Arbitrage traders, who wish to exploit the repo rate differential between benchmark and off-the-run issues and GC and special stocks, are active participants in the Bund repo market. 

Various dissolution test systems have been developed and several of them now enjoy compendial status in pharmacopeias, for example the reciprocating cylinder (United States Pharmacopeia Apparatus 3), the flow-through apparatus [European Pharmacopoeia (Pharm. Eur.) 2.9.3], or the apparatus for transdermal delivery systems, such as the paddle over disc. Hydrodynamic properties of these and other apparatus have been described only sparingly. The paucity of quantitative data related to hydrodynamics of pharmacopeial dissolution testers is lamentable, since well-controllable hydrodynamics are essential to both biopharmaceutical simulations and quality control. Here, we focus the discussion on the paddle and the basket apparatus, since these are the most important and widely used for oral solid dosage forms. A brief treatise on the hydrodynamics of the flow-through apparatus completes this section. 

Solid oral dosage forms containing new chemical entities (NCEs) are commonly formulated into tablets or capsules as their first market image formulation. Subsequent drug product line extension development on these NCEs may evaluate more specialized drug delivery systems. Dissolution testing of standard oral tablets or capsules will commonly utilize the paddle or basket apparatus. In this chapter we focus primarily on the development and subsequent validation of dissolution testing methods that use these two devices. 

This is a modification of the basket apparatus (USP Apparatus 1) with the basket being replaced by a stainless steel cylinder. The sample is again usually a transdermal delivery system attached to the outside of the cylinder. 

Recanalization of tight occlusions of the left innominate vein, which has a long mediastinal course, as may be caused by mediastinal tumor or fibrosis, can require a combined femoral and axillary or a bilateral axillary approach (Fig. 5.6). When the guidewire has crossed the occlusion, it is grasped with a snare, a basket, or a flexible forceps on the other side, and retrieved through the haemostatic valve sheath at the second percutaneous entry point. This makes it possible to insert a PTA catheter or any other stent delivery catheter over a stiff Amplatz-type guidewire, which is controlled and straightened at both ends. 

Fig. 11.4. a Oesophageal adenocarcinoma Injection of contrast through the catheter (arrow) shows the typical distal oesophageal stricture (arrowheads). The extent is indicated by paperclips on the patient s skin, b A stiff wire has been inserted deep into the stomach (arrowheads) and the catheter is removed, c A Boubella anti-reflux stent with a balloon tip inflated with contrast (arrowheads) is inserted. Note the gap in the delivery sheath between the balloon and the distal end of the stent, which contains the anti-reflux valve and a retrieval string with a metal marker (arrow), d The stent is inserted a little too far and the distal basket deployed (arrowheads). Note the middle stent marker (arrow), which needs to be above the upper end of the stricture, e The part-deployed stent is then pulled back into final position. The deflated balloon tip is just seen in the stomach (arrowheads), f Immediate appearance after stent release... 

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