Deaeration-decarbonation

Granular media filtration Activated carbon filtration Membrane filtration Deaeration-Decarbonation Chemical oxidation Disinfection Electrocoagulation Ion exchange (IX)... 

While the ambient-temperature operation of membrane processes reduces scaling, membranes are much more susceptible not only to minute amounts of scaling or even dirt, but also to the presence of certain salts and other compounds that reduce their ability to separate salt from water. To reduce corrosion, scaling, and other problems, the water to be desalted is pretreated. The pretreatment consists of filtration, and may include removal of air (deaeration), removal of CO2 (decarbonation), and selective removal of scale-forming salts (softening). It also includes the addition of chemicals that allow operation without scale deposition, or which retard scale deposition or cause the precipitation of scale which does not adhere to soHd surfaces, and that prevent foam formation during the desalination process. 

Design Theory, Simplified Design Procedures, Column Diameter Selection, Water Deaeration, Water Decarbonation, Ammonia Stripping, Amine Regeneration, Hot Carbonate Regeneration, Side Strippers, Example Problem, Notation, References... 

Assembly Carefully add deaerated water Carefully add decarbonated water Fill vial fully 1 ml water fill test tube with paraffin oil (not used by Scholer, Lothenbach and Winnefeld [2014]) Add water drop by drop to minimise disturbance of paste... 

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