DDGS

By-Products. After the removal of alcohol, the fermentation residues are processed to produce distiUers grains. These residues consist of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and fiber that are concentrated threefold by removal of the starch. DistiUers grains are usually divided into one of four groups including distiUers dry grains (DDG), distiUers dry solubles (DDS), distiUers dry grains with solubles (DDG/S), and condensed distiUers solubles (CDS). 

The annual production of DDG is over one million tons. Most of it is used ia animal feed. However, increa sing quantities are being sold as food iagredients because of its excellent nutrient and fiber content. 

In most of today s ethanol plants for the conversion of wheat, rye and corn, the required thermal energy is provided by natural gas, heavy fuel oil or coal. The protein-rich by-products of ethanol plants are referred to as dried distillers grains with solubles , abbreviated as DDGS, and are mostly used for animal fodder. Alternatively, they can be converted to biogas for heat and electricity production. The resulting residue can then be used as fertiliser (see Table 7.16). 

DCL DDGS DEFC DICI DISI DME DMFC DOE DP DPF Direct coal liquefaction Distillers dried grains with solubles Direct ethanol fuel cell Direct-injection compression ignition Direct-injection spark ignition Dimethylether Direct methanol fuel cell Department of Energy (USA) Dynamic programming Diesel particulate filter... 

Crist B. The History of Dissolution Testing Dissolution Discussion Group (DDG) North Carolina 1999. 

Figure 6. Reactivities of whole antiserum and purified anti-Gll and anti-Gn,b antibodies against liposomes containing glycolipids. Antibodies purified from rabbit anti-bovine brain ganglioside serum as described previously (12). Glucose release measured from liposomes containing DMPC, CHOL, DCP, and either Cm, Gpn CMH, CDH, DDG (each 150 p.g/ymol PC) or CTH (150 nmol/pmol PC).

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