DDAB

First, polyhedral-shaped Au nanoparticles (Figure 6A) are synthesized by sodium borohydride reduction of AUCI3 dissolved in toluene in the presence of DDAB (step 1). 

These cause great strain at the crystal interfaces providing ample scope for the ligand to attack these sites. The reasons for the stabilization of the smaller particles by these ligands as compared to DDAB could be as follows. 

Co Si02 (4 2) CoC12 DDAB/NaBH4 W/toluene ME/CR Room >3 days [83]... 

CTAB = cetyltrimethylammonium bromide DDAB = didodecyldimethylammonium bromide DEG = diethylene glycol DOE = dioctyl ether DPE = diphenyl ether DS = dodecyl sulfate EG — ethylene glycol EtOH = ethanol HAD = hexadecylamine HD = 1-hexadecene OD = 1-octadecene HDD = 1,2-hexadecanediol ... 

P. Yang, Q. Zhao, Z. Gu, and Q. Zhuang, The electrochemical behavior of hemoglobin on SWNTs/ DDAB film modified glassy carbon electrode. Electroanalysis 16, 97—100 (2004). 

The majority of CYP enzymes are located in a hydrophobic environment in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells, although cytosolic enzymes also exist, such as CYP101. In order to mimic the physiological environment of CYP enzymes, a number of groups have used phospholipids to construct biosensors such as DDAB, dimeristoyl-L-a-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE) and distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE). Phospholipid layers form stable vesicular dispersions that bear structural relationship with the phospholipid components of biologically important membranes. By this way a membranous environment is created that facilitates electron transfer between the enzyme s redox center and the electrode. 

Finally, Yamada and Suzuki made a comparative study of the use of DDAB, HTAB, STAC, and CEDAB to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the determination of ultratraces of Cu(II) by means of the CL reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide, used as detection in a flow injection system [46]. Of the four cited surfactants it was found that CEDAB causes the greatest enhancement of the chemiluminescent signal (Fig. 12) (an enhancement factor of 140 with respect to the absence of surfactant). 

The reagent RuClj/aq. H2O2/AcOH/80°C oxidised several benzaldehydes to the corresponding carboxyhc acids [717], With RuClj/TBHP/C H nitriles RCH CN were converted to acyl cyanides [752], and side-chains of alkylaromatic compounds were oxidised by RuCyaq. H2O2/(DDAB)/80°C to aldehydes, ketones or alcohols (Table 4.1) [362]. 

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