D-3-hydroxy-butyrate

PBT - polybutylene terephthalate PDMS - polydimethyl siloxane rubber PE - polyethylene PET - polyethylene terephthalate PHB - poly[D(-)]-3-hydroxy butyrate PP - polypropylene... 

Quaternary salts of the substances represented by tliese formulae have been prepared by Kogl, Veldstra and van der Laan as well as of the next lower homologues, the substituted butyraldehydes, and the methyl ethers of both series. Their pharmacological activities were negligible in comparison with that of muscarine, but as six stereoisomeric forms may be produced in each synthesis, the inactivity may be due to stereoisomerism, just as in the case of threonine (a-amino-)3-hydroxy-butyric acid) where West and Carter found that only the d —) form is... 

The most serious objection to the ketolysis theory has been the report that D-glucose is without effect on the rate of disappearance of ketones in the animal body. This has, however, been denied by one group of investigators and it is possible that the divergent results might be ascribed to the use of the natural levorotatory isomer of /3-hydroxy-butyrate rather than the racemic salt employed by others. 

Figure 3. Changes of D,L- malate and D-p-hydroxy butyric acid contents in...

Ketone bodies consist of acetoacetate, D-jS-hydroxy-butyrate (D-3-hydroxybutyrate), and acetone. They are... 

Poly(D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate miscibility has been reported with polyvinylacetate (PVAC) [Greco and Martuscelli, 1989], poly(p-vinyl phenol) [Xing et al., 1997], and polyethylene-oxide (PEG) [Avella and Martuscelli, 1988]. Phase separation of poly(3-hydroxy butyrate-co-... 

He J.-D., Cheung M.K., Yu P.H, Chen G.-Q. Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybulyrate), poly (3-hydroxy butyrate-co-3-hydroxyvaleiate), and poly( 3-hydroxy butyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 82 (2001) 90. 

Bonartseva, A. P., Myshkinal, V. L., Nikolaeva, D. A., Furinal, E. K., Makhinal, T. A., Livshits, V. A., Boskhomdzhiev, A. P., Ivanov, E. A., lor-danskii, A. L., and Bonartseva, G. A. (2007). Biosynthesis, biodegradation, and application of poly(3- hydroxy butyrate) and its copolymers natural polyesters produced by diazotrophic bacteria. Current Research and Educational Topics and Trends in Applied Microbiology A. Mendez-Vilas (Ed.), p.295. 

Handrick R, Reinhardt S, Kimmig P, Jendrossek D. The intracellular poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate) (PHB) depolymerase of Rhodospirillum rubrum is a periplasm-located protein... 

Radhika D, Murugesan AG (2012) Bioproduction, statistical optimization and characterization of microbial plastic (poly 3-hydroxy butyrate) employing various hydrolysates of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as sole earbon source. Bioresour Technol 121 83-92. doi 10.1016/j. biortech.2012.06.107... 

An interesting set of binary mixtures are those between polymers of different stereo structures. Among others the crystallization kinetics of isotactic poly(styrene)-atactic poly(styrene), (25,54,55) syndiotactic poly(styrene)-atactic poly(styrene), (56) isotactic poly(propylene)-atactic poly(propylene) (55,57) and blends of isotactic and atactic poly(3-hydroxy butyrate),(58,59) and poly(D-lactic acid) with poly(L-lactic acid) (60) have been studied. In analyzing the kinetics of such blends the distinction still needs to be made as to whether the components are miscible in all proportions, partially miscible, or immiscible at all concentrations. Surprising as it may seem, this is an important consideration for these kinds of mixtures. 

R)-(-)-Methyl 3-hydroxybutanoate Butyric acid, 3-hydroxy-, methyl ester, D-(-)-(8) Butanoic acid, 3-hydroxy- methyl ester, (R)- (9) (3976-69-0) [(R)-2,2 -Bls(dlphenylphosphino)-1,1 -binaphthyl]dichlororuthenium Ruthenium, [[1,1 -binaphthalene]-2,2 -diylbis(diphenylphosphine)-P,P ]dichloro- (12) (115245-70-0)... 

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