D-deoxyribose

D-2-deoxyribose, desoxyribose, CjHioO. The sugar isolated by hydrolysis of DNA. Colourless crystals, m.p. 9UC, soluble in water. 

As is well-known, nucleic acids consist of a polymeric chain of monotonously reiterating molecules of phosphoric acid and a sugar. In ribonucleic acid, the sugar component is represented by n-ribose, in deoxyribonucleic acid by D-2-deoxyribose. To this chain pyrimidine and purine derivatives are bound at the sugar moieties, these derivatives being conventionally, even if inaccurately, termed as pyrimidine and purine bases. The bases in question are uracil (in ribonucleic acids) or thymine (in deoxyribonucleic acids), cytosine, adenine, guanine, in some cases 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcyto-sine. In addition to these, a number of the so-called odd bases occurring in small amounts in some ribonucleic acid fractions have been isolated. 

DeSantis, G., Liu, J., Clark, D.R et al. (2003) Structure-based mutagenesis approaches toward expanding the substrate specificity of D-2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 11, 43-52. 

Figure 1.40 The two forms of sugar residues commonly found in nucleic acids. 3-D-Ribose is the sugar constituent of RNA, while p-D-2-deoxyribose is a component of DNA.

Scheme 1.57). Although the natural donor aldehyde is D-2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate, non-phosphorylated donor aldehydes are also tolerated and the enzyme displays some flexibility towards both donor and acceptor. Importantly, as both donor and acceptor substrates are aldehydes, the enzyme can perform sequential aldol reactions allowing the preparation of a key lactol intermediate to the atorvastatin side chain in a single step. Following substantial modification, this approach is now operated on an industrial scale to... 

A sugar, either D-ribose or D-2-deoxyribose. Carbon atoms in sugars are numbered l -5/... 

To expand the substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of the aldolase DERA (2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase, E.C. 4.1.2.4), both site-specific mutagenesis and random mutagenesis have been investigated (DeSantis, 2003). The goal was to extend substrate specificity to the unnatural non-phosphorylated substrate, D-2-deoxyribose. 

Deoxyribose 2-Deoxyribose is an aldopentose that is the structural sugar in DNA. This sugar is called deoxy because it does not have a hydroxyl group on carbon 2. Deoxyribose cyclizes into a furanose (five-membered) ring system. The structures of D-2-deoxyribose and (3-D-2-deoxyribofuranose are given in Figure 12.55. 

The nucleic acids (Blackburn and Gait, 1995 Bloomfield et ah, 1999 Saenger, 1983), deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), and ribonucleic acids (RNA) are polymers of nucleotides which are made up of three parts a purine or pyrimidine base, D-2-deoxyribose for DNA or D-ribose for RNA, and phosphoric acid. The nucleo-... 

The two major types of sugar units are D-ribose and D-2-deoxyribose, the latter having one fewer OH group than does ribose ... 

All our descriptions of ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides, and ribonucleic acid also apply to the components of DNA. The principal difference between RNA and DNA is the presence of D-2-deoxyribose as the sugar in DNA instead of the D-ribose found in RNA. The prefix deoxy- means that an oxygen atom is missing, and the number 2 means it is missing from C2. 

Nucleic acids in which various purine and pyrimidine bases are united by bridges of D-2-deoxyribose or D-2-ribose phosphoric acid play vital roles in the metabolism of living cells.179 Many oligonucleotides (which are heterocyclic co-oligomers) have been synthesized in studying the biochemistry of nucleic acids.180... 

Deoxyribonucleoside (Section 27.14B) An iV-glycoside formed by the reaction of D-2-deoxyribose with certain amine heterocycles. 

A sugar, P D-ribose (in RNA) or P D-2 -deoxyribose (in DNA). This sugar is in the cyclic five-membered furanoside form. 

Figure 17-29. Synthesis of [3, 4 -13C2]-thymidine from [2, 3 -13C2]-dihydroxyacetone phosphate with triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and D-2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (DHAP). Asterisks indicate the positions selectively labeled with 13C. Other positions that can be isotopically substituted are marked with , A, and V. Reprinted from Ouwerkerk et al.12511.

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