Cytoskeleton codes

We conclude that dynamic instability is a means of creating an endless stream of cell types with only one common structure and with the choice of a few anchoring molecules. But this is possible only because there is no necessary relationship between the common structure of the cytoskeleton and the cellular structures that the cytoskeleton is working on. The anchoring molecules (or accessory proteins) are true adaptors that perform two independent recognition processes microtubules on one side and different cellular structures on the other side. The resulting correspondence is based therefore on arbitrary rules, on true natural conventions that we can refer to as the cytoskeleton codes. 

The identified genes code for a variety of proteins, including transcription factors that are important for inner-ear development, cytoskeleton proteins that are responsible for the specialized architecture of hair cells, extracellular matrix molecules that make up some of the specialized acellular structures of the inner ear, and still others whose function is not yet clear. 

Pencycuron induces abnormal branching of the hyphae of the sensitive strains of R. solani and its activity is fungistatic [2]. This morphological change implied that the mode of action of pencycuron would be antimicrotubular, like carbenda-zime, and thus it is classified as B4 Cell Division in the FRAC code list. However, while carbendazime inhibits yS-tubuline assembly in mitosis of R. solani, pencycuron does not act there but acts to destroy the cytoskeleton of microtubules. A clear-cut explanation of the mode of action of pencycuron is not yet available. Especially, the mechanistic elucidation as to why pencycuron acts only on quite limited strains of Anastomosis Groups of R. solani remains as an interesting theme. 

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