Cytochrome progesterone

Williams PA, Cosine J, Vinkovic DM et al (2004) Crystal structures of human cytochrome P450 3A4 bound to metyrapone and progesterone. Science 305 683-686... 

Breskvar K, T Hudnik-Plevnik (1977) A possible role of cytochrome P-450 in hydroxylation of progesterone by Rhizopus nigricans. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 74 1192-1198. 

FIGURE 4.44 Cytochrome P450-dependent oxidative conversion of cholesterol to progesterone... 

Hiroi T, Kishimoto W, Chow T, Imaoka S, Igarashi T, et al. 2001. Progesterone oxidation by cytochrome P450 2D isoforms in the brain. Endocrinology 142 3901-3908. 

Within the adrenal cortex (the outer portion of the adrenal glands) progesterone is converted into two groups of hormones of which cortisol and aldosterone are representative.263 Two different cytochrome P450 hydroxylases, found in the ER and specific for C-21 and C-17a, respectively, together with a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 specific for C-lip (Eq. 18-55) participate in formation of cortisol.264 Two of the same enzymes together with additional hydroxylases are required to form aldosterone. 

Kuhnvelten, W.N. (1991). Thermodynamics and modulation of progesterone microcompartmentation and hydrophobic interaction with cytochrome P450XVII based on quartttion of local ligand concentrations in a complex multi-componentsystefiijr. J. Biochem., 197, 381-390. 

The side chain cleavage of cholesterol, producing pregnenolone, is catalyzed by cytochrome P450JCC. This is the initial step in the biosynthesis of several steroid hormones. In this assay, the initial product, pregnenolone, is quantitatively converted to progesterone by treatment with cholesterol oxidase, which increases by about 10-fold the sensitivity of the assay. 

Figure 9.85 Normal phase HPLC profiles of the reaction product of the cholesterol side chain cleavage system. Peaks were identified on the basis of their retention times. (i4) Without cholesterol oxidase treatment. Cholesterol (100 nmol) was incubated with cytochrome P450scc (70 pmol) in the presence of adrenodoxin, adrenodoxin reductase, and an NADPH-generating system. Monitoring was at 214 nm. Peaks 1, cholesterol 2, pregnenolone 3, deoxycorticosterone acetate (internal standard) (B) The reaction mixture of (A) was further incubated with cholesterol oxidase at 37°C for 10 minutes. Monitoring was at 240 nm. Peaks 1, cholestenone 2, progesterone 3, deoxycorticosterone acetate (internal standard). (From Sugano et al., 1989.)...

Swinney, D. C., Ryan, D, E., Thomas, E E., and Levin, W. (1987). Regioselective Progesterone Hydroxylation Catalyzed by Eleven Rat Hepatic Cytochrome P-450 Isozymes, BiodKmistiy, 26 7073-7083. 

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