Cytarabine release

Assil, K. M., and Weinreb, R. N. (1987). Multi vesicular liposomes. Sustained release of the antimetabolite cytarabine in the eye. 

Kim, S., and Howell, S. B. (1987b). Multivesicular liposomes containing cytarabine for slow release s.c. administration, Cancer Treatm. Rep., 71. 447-450. 

Glantz, M., LaFollette, S., Jaeckle, K., Shapiro,W., Swinnen, L., Rozental, J., Phuphanich, S., Rogers, L., Gutheil, J., Batchelor, T., Lyter, D., Chamberlain, M., Maria, B., Schiffer, C., Bashir, R., Thomas, D., Cowens, W., and Howell, S. B. (1999), A randomized trial of a slow-release versus a standard formulation of cytarabine for the intrathecal treatment of lymphomatous meningitis, J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 3110-3116. 

Blanco, M.D. Trigo, R.M. Garcia, O. Teij6n, J.M. Controlled release of cytarabine from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-A-vmyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogels. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 1997, 8, 709-719. 

DepoCyt (Pacira Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA) is a slow release liposome-encapsulated cytarabine formulation, recently approved for intrathecal administration in the treatment of neoplastic meningitis and lymphomatous meningitis (30-32). The Depo-Foam platform used in DepoCyt , is essentially a spherical 20-pm multi-lamellar matrix comprised of phospholipids/ lipid mixture, similar to normal human cell membranes (phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol) (33). 

Glantz MJ et al (1999) A randomized controlled trial comparing intrathecal sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) to intrathecal methotrexate in patients with neoplastic meningitis from solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 5 3394-3402... 

Jaeckle KA et al (2002) An open label trial of sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) for the intrathecal treatment of solid tumor neoplastic meningitis. J Neurooncol 57 231-239... 

The use of pharmaceuticals in form of emulsions is of special interest. Thus, for example, o/w emulsions stabilised by surfactants, such as mono- and diglycerides, are successfully used as pseuo-doxime-proxetil protection from intestinal lumen hydrolysis through oral administration [128]. Multiple w/o/w emulsions stabilised by Tween 20/Span 20 or Tween 80/Span 80 mixtures contributed to a prolonged retention of cytarabine in one of the phases, and its gradual release ensured a prolonged action of the drug [129]. 

Cytarabine loaded W/OAV multiple emulsions were prepared using nonionic surfactants (Tween and Span ) by the emulsification-sonication technique and characterized by studying the osmotic behavior. The system exhibited prolonged release pattern (Kim et al., 1995). 

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