Cyclophanes 1.1.1 metacyclophanes, substituted

The relation to the larger group of substituted cyclophanes (see Figure 15 in Chapter 2) is noted namely, calix[2]arene is an abbreviated name for 2,2 -dihydroxy-[l,l]-meta, metacyclophane. 

Derivatization of 26 shows only a low selectivity between the 4- and 5-position. The presence of a dithiane group in each bridge however reveals a clear preference for 5-substitution. Functional group inversion of dithiane groups led to the preparation of numerous other metacyclophanes [116, 117]. Unsymme-trically substituted metacyclophanes are chiral and the corresponding enantiomers were separated [152]. Recently the enantiomeric pure cyclophane 171 was... 

After the report of poly[2.2]metacyclophane 3 described above, there were no reports on the synthesis of cyclophane-based ju-stacked polymers for over 15 years. In 2001 and 2002, polymerizations of thiophene-substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes were reported independently by two research groups [13-16]. Both groups synthesized jc-stacked polymers by electrochemical polymerization using cyclic voltammetry. For example, Audebert and coworkers reported that the electrochemical polymerization of monomer 5 deposited jr-stacked polymer 6 on a glassy carbon or indium-tin oxide electrode (Scheme 2) [13, 14]. 

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