Cyanide detection

D. Shan, C. Mousty and S. Cosnier, Subnanomolar cyanide detection at polyphenol oxidase/clay biosensors, Anal. Chem., 76 (2004) 178-183. 

The cyanide ion in inorganic cyanides can be present as both complexed and free cyanide. In order to study the chromatography of metal cyanides, Rocklin and Johnson [48] prepared and assayed solutions of cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, gold, iron and cobalt cyanides. Table 2.6 lists the percentage of total cyanide detected. 

Material taken straight from the refrigerator should be warmed gently prior to examination for odour. If possible, the opinions of several colleagues should be obtained on any abnormal odour. Many poisons can be detected in this way, but the test is very subjective, and some people have a poor sense of smell (e.g. cyanide detection by odour is an inherited ability). In favourable circumstances it is a very sensitive test for instance, cyanide, chloroform, and toluene can be detected at about 1 ppm. from the usual characteristic odours of sulphides, aldehydes, ketones, and esters, etc., ftie analyst should be familiar with the smell of chloral hydrate, ethchlorvynol, methylpentynol, phenelzine. 

Badugu, R., Lakowicz, J.R., Geddes, C.D. (2005). Enhanced fluorescence cyanide detection at physiologically lethal levels reduced ICT-based signal transduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 3635 1. 

Rella, J., Marcus, S., Wagner, B.J. (2004). Rapid cyanide detection using the Cyantesmo kit. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 42 897-900. 

Shan, D., Mousty, C., Cosnier, S. (2004). Subnanomolar cyanide detection at polyphenoloxidase/clay biosensors. Anal. Chem. 76 178-83. 

Calcium carbide Nitrogen cyanate detection Dibenzylamine cyanide detection o-Aminophthalyl hydrazide cyanide mfg. 

In addition to reaction catalysts, a number of quinolines were described with valuable chemo-sensing properties. Even a simple quinolone, such as that shown in Scheme 1, can be used as a method for cyanide detection in aqueous environments (14TL1052).This quinoline-derived probe with an aldehyde forms a cyanohydrin with strong fluorescence. Another quinoline chemosensor, a quinoline tripodal thiourea, selectively binds with fluoride and no other halogens (14TL1467). A thioamide-based sensor with both... 

Glass and metal containers are not recommended for collection of HCN samples this is due to adsorption of the compound onto the walls of such containers. Good results are achieved when HCN is adsorbed onto porous materials, from which it can be desorbed with a solvent or by using thermal methods. For HCN detection in biological samples (e.g., in blood), a HS analysis method may be applied. Hydrogen cyanide detectability with a thermionic nitrogen detector may reach 1 pg in a sample. 

Cyanide detection is accomplished by using an FIA system in which a 200 pi aliquot of the pretreated sample is injected. The addition of hydrochloric acid converts cyanide ion to hydrogen cyanide (HCN) that passes selectively through a gas-diffusion hydrophobic membrane into an alkaline-receiving solution where it is converted back to cyanide ion. The latter is monitored amperometri-cally with a silver-working electrode, silver/silver chloride reference electrode, and platinum/stainless steel counter electrode, at an applied potential of zero volt. The current generated is proportional to the cyanide concentration present in the original sample. 

Seto Y. False cyanide detection. Anal Chem 2002 74(5) 134—E141. 

Turek M, Ketterer L, ClaBen M, Bemdt HK, Eibers G, Kruger P, Keusgen M, Schdning MJ (2007) Development and electrochemical investigations of an EIS-(electrolyte-insulator-semi-conductor) based biosensor for cyanide detection. Sensors 7 1415-1426... 

Bouyahia N, Hnaien M, Hamlaoui ML, Kherrat R, Lagarde F, Jaffrezic-Renault N (2009) A novel conductometric biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase for cyanide detection. Sensors Lett 7 739-744... 

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