Custom-made ligands

Ate complexation in aforementioned systems has been adventitious. The application of custom-made donorfunctionalized ligands should allow the intentional formation of heterobimetallic complexes of desired composition as it has already been shown in alkoxide chemistry [18]. 

Based on our experience in using A1203 as base in the iodination15 and bromination16 of vinylboronic acids, we hoped that this solid would likewise function as base in the Suzuki reaction. To simplify the reaction, we hoped to use ligandless palladium black [Pd(0)] as catalyst, thus alleviating the need for expensive or custom-made phosphine ligands. 

The classical royalty model has long been the norm and is still well accepted for the manufacture of fine chemicals or commodities where the production costs are a very significant part of the final price of the product. However, we have made the experience that it is not well accepted in the life science industry and often presents a real hurdle to the application of proprietary technology for the production of NCEs. The all-inclusive model takes care of these concerns and allows the customer to compare competing solutions on the basis of actual costs as well as of their potential for improvement. Indeed, this is now the standard model for selling ligands and catalysts. 

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