Curvature intrinsic radius

Amphiphilic compounds are also known as potent modifiers of the bilayer intrinsic radius of curvature and utilize this property to act as a non-specific perturbator of membrane protein function [27]. Catamphiphilic drugs that can interact with the head groups or with the scramblases or flippases can change cell functioning. 

However, in nanowires and nanorods (Fig. 4.41a), the intrinsic surface stress exists spontaneously due to the surface curvature and typically does not relax. Surface stress is inversely proportional to the wire radius and directly proportional to the surface stress tensor (similar to Laplace surface tension). The intrinsic surface stress should depend both on the growth conditions and the surface termination morphology [136, 137]. Although surface tension appears even for the case of non-reconstructed geometrical surfaces due to the surface curvature [137], surface reconstruction should affect the surface tension value or even be responsible for the appearance of surface stresses [138,139]. 

A typical resolution of 15 km is achieved for the radius of curvature p, for an array consisting of four or five parallel laser beams. Prom the substrate curvature, the film stress is calculated using the Stoney formula as a function of film thickness, thereby providing a complete history of intrinsic stress evolution during the deposition of the film on a substrate. For a typical setup, the deposition of a 1 nm thick Sii a,Gej film with a stress of 50 MPa (i.e., a membrane force of 50 MPa-nm) on a 100-nm thick Si substrate is routinely detected (Floro et al. 1997). 

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