Crystals, formation and growth

Jones R, Tredgold R H, Hoorfar A, Allen R A and Hodge P 1985 Crystal-formation and growth in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of azobenzene derivatives—optical and structural studies Thin Solid Films 134 57-66... 

Most investigators have focused their attention on a differential segment of the zone between the feed injection and the crystal melter. Analysis of crystal formation and growth in the recoveiy section has received scant attention. Table 22-4 summarizes the scope of the literature treatment for center-fed columns for both solid-solution and eutectic forming systems. 

The promoter may slow down, or otherwise influence crystal formation and growth, or produce lattice defects. These effects may lead either to a higher activity per unit area or to a higher specific surface area. 

Erben, H. K., and Watabe, N. Crystal formation and growth in bivalve nacre. Nature 248, 128-130(1974). 

Orikasa, H., Karoji, J., Matsui, K., and Kyotani, T. Crystal formation and growth during the hydrothermal synthesis of B-Ni(OH)2 in one-dimensional nano space. Dalton Trans. 34, 2007 3757-3762. 

In order to obtain information about the process of crystal formation and growth, a variety of in-situ and ex-situ methods, such as chronoamperometry, impedance... 

The observation in Okitsu et al. s study [35], higher the rate of radical formation smaller the particle size, indicates that the general principles of crystal formation and growth are valid under sonochemical synthetic conditions. 

Inhibitors extend the time before scale will form in a system by interfering with the kinetics of crystal formation and growth. Rate decreases as inhibitor dosages increase. Additional parameters include temperature, as it affects the rate of crystal formation and/or growth. Dosage changes with temperature can be modeled with a simple Arrhenius relationship. pH is an important parameter to include in these models when an inhibitor can exist in two or more forms within the pH range of use, and one of the forms is much more active as a... 

---