Analyzer crystals

The spectrum of the secondary emission, that is, the intensity of X-ray radiation as a function of wavelength is established using a crystal analyzer based on Bragg s law. 

For water, organic and water-organic metal salts mixtures the dependence of integral and spectral intensities of coherent and non-coherent scattered radiation on the atomic number (Z), density, oscillator layer thickness, chemical composition, and the conditions of the registering of analytical signals (voltage and tube current, tube anode material, crystal-analyzer) was investigated. The dependence obtained was compared to that for the solid probes (metals, alloys, pressed powder probes). 

QCM measurements were carried out at air using AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystals with a resonant frequency of 9 MHz (5 mm-diameter, Seiko EG Q Seiko Instruments Inc). Prior to use, the quartz crystals were cleaned with water and ethanol. The frequency was measured before and after the monolayer transfer with the use of a Seiko EG G model 917 quartz crystal analyzer. 

Fig. 15-3 Recording of fluorescent spectrum of a stainless steel containing 19.4 Cr, 9.5 Ni, 1.5 Mo, 1.4 W, 1.0 Mn (in weight percent), balance mainly Fe. Flat LiF crystal analyzers. Platinum-target x-ray tube, 50 kV, 40 mA. (Courtesy of Diano Corporation.)...

S. Ikeda N. Watanabe (1984). Nucl. Insts. Meth.A (Phys. Res.), 221, 571—576. High resolution tof crystal analyzer spectrometer for large energy transfer incoherent neutron scattering. 

D. Colognesi, C. Andreani E. Degiorgi (2003). J. Neutron Res., 11,123-143. Phonon density of states from a crystal analyzer inverse-geometry spectrometer a study on ordered solid hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride. 

A coated piezoelectric crystal analyzer sensitive to water vapor as low as 0,1 ppm has been developed by King [5]. This hygrometer has been commercially available since 1964 (DuPont, Wilmington, DE, model 560). The instrument has a very high sensitivity, fast response, and long lifetime, with an accuracy of about 5%. 

Composition. No difference in eomposition between individual crystals analyzed was established for the Pr, Nd, and Sm polysulfides. The individual Dy crystals show no repeatability in composition, even if taken from one morphological group. These irregularities were suggested to be evidenee of a compositional nommiformity not only between the crystals but locally within individual Dy crystals as well. The nommiformity is expected to be in the m range. Therefore, a first mechanical separation of the Dy crystals by morphology has not the desired effect. 

Low-resolution imaging of polymer film profiles has been achieved using a scanning-electrode quartz crystal analyzer (SEQCA) method [59]. In this technique, illustrated in Fig. 8 [59], one uses a small probe electrode, whose location can be effectively rastered over the surface (although, in practice, this was achieved by keeping the probe stationary and moving... 

Fig.S Schematic illustration of the principle of the scanning-electrode quartz crystal analyzer (SEQCA) operating in overscanning mode, with a small probe electrode on the polymer/solution loaded side of the resonator in underscanning mode, the full electrode and the small probe locations are reversed. (Reproduced from Ref [59] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

QCM analysis was made on a quartz crystal analyzer 917 (Seiko EG G) driving a 9-MHz QCM chip at 25 °C. The QCM chip was mounted in a thermostated homemade QCM-cell by means of O-ring seals, which allowed only one face of the chip to come in contact with the solution. The Sauerbrey s equation was applied to estimate the adsorbed amount (we confirmed using the QCMs with different fundamental frequencies that the energy dissipation reducing the applicability of this equation was negligibly small in the studied cases). 

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