Cryptogenic stroke

Rolfs A, Bottcher T, Zschiesche M et al. (2005). Prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with cryptogenic stroke a prospective study. Lancet 366 1794-1796... 

Lamy C, Giarmesini C, Zuber M et al. (2002). Clinical and imaging findings in cryptogenic stroke patients with and without patent foramen ovale the PFO-ASA Study (Atrial Septal Aneurysm). Stroke 33 706-711 Leung SY, Ng THK, Yuen ST et al. (1993). Pattern of cerebral atherosclerosis in Hong Kong Chinese severity in intracranial and extracranial vessels. Stroke 24 779-786 Leys D, Moulin Th, Stojkovic T et al. (1995). Follow-up of patients with history of cervical artery dissection. Cerebrovascular Diseases 5 43-49... 

Mas JL, Zuber M Recurrent cerebrovascular events in patients with patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, or both and cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack, french study group on patent foramen ovale and atrial septal aneurysm. Am Heart J 1995 130 pp. 1083-1088. 

Homma S, Sacco RL, Di TuUio MR, Sciacca RR, Mohr JP Effect of medical treatment in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke study. Circulation 2002 105 pp. 2625-2631. 

Figure 20.13 Demonstration of the right to left shunt between the atria within the heart caused by a PFO, which can lead to paradoxical emboli and cryptogenic stroke (Leong et al., 2013).

Ischemic stroke has numerous causes. Cerebral infarction may result from large artery atherosclerosis, cardiac embolism, small artery lipohyalinosis, cryptogenic embolism, or, more rarely, from other diverse conditions such as arterial dissection, infective endocarditis, and sickle cell disease. Arterial occlusion is the cause of at least 80% of acute cerebral infarctions. " ... 

Stevens DL, Matthews WB (1973). Cryptogenic drop attacks an affliction of women. British Medical Journal 1 439-442 Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators (1995). Risk factors for... 

FIGURE 20-1. A classification of stroke by mechanism with estimates of the frequency of various categories of abnormalities. Approximately 30% of ischemic strokes are cryptogenic. 

Epilepsy is commonly categorised as idiopathic, symptomatic, probable symptomatic (previously known as cryptogenic) and reactive. Idiopathic epilepsies are presumed to have an underlying genetic canse indeed ion channelopathies have been identified in several human idiopathic epilepsy syndromes (Gardiner, 2(X)5). Symptomatic epilepsies, which are thought to account for up to 50% of all epilepsy cases (Delorenzo et al., 2005), arise secondary to an underlying identifiable brain insult or lesion such as stroke, intracranial neoplasia or encephalitis. Probable... 

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