Cryofixation freezing

Switkes, M., Ruberti, J.W. Rapid cryofixation/freeze fracture for the study of nanobubbles at solid-liquid interfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4759 (2004)... 

Muiier M and Moor H 1984 Cryofixation of thick specimens by high pressure freezing The Science of Bioiogicai Specimen Preparation ed J-P Revei, T Barnard and G H Haggis (O Hare, iL SEM, AMF 60666) pp 131-8... 

Figure 5.14 Freeze-etch electron micrograph of glycolipid nanotubes from 24 1 nonhydroxy galactocerebrosides (21) cryofixed from room temperature in water. Bar = 250 nm. Reprinted from Ref. 64 with permission of the Biophysical Society.

Ding B, Turgeon R, Parthasarathy MV. Routine cryofixation of plant tissue by propane jet freezing for freeze substitution. J Electron Microsc Technol 1991 19 107-117. 

Cryofixation is done by the immersion of tissues in ice-cold isopentane for 3 min followed by freezing at -80°C. Fixed, frozen tumors are mounted in Tissue-Tek OCT 4583 compound (Sakura Finetek, Torrance, CA) and sectioned on a Microtome Plus (TBS). 

M. Muller and H. Moore, Cryofixation of suspensions and tissues by propane-jet freezing and high-pressure freezing, Proc. 42nd Annual Meeting, Microscopy Society of America (G. W. Bailey, ed.), San Francisco Press, San Francisco, 1984. 

Bachmann, L. and Schmitt. W. W. (1971). Improved cryofixation applicable to freeze-etching. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68,2149-2152. 

Steinbrecht, R. A. (1980) Cryofixation without cryoprotectants. Freeze substitution and freeze etching of an insect olfactory receptor. Tissue and Cell, 12, 73-100. 

The temperature dependence of the sizes of HCO-10 vesicles is shown in Fig. 4. While the suspension was being heated, the vesicle size decreased steeply from about 220 to 50 nm around 37 °C. In order to investigate further the morphology of the vesicles, a freeze-fracture electron microscope was used because ultrarapid cryofixation was able to preserve the morphology of HCO-10 vesicles at... 

During the cryopreparation with liquid nitrogen, the cooling was rapid enough to prevent the formation of noticeable crystals in the liquid oil. This minimized artifacts created upon freezing as the liquid oil is solidified in an amorphous fine structure, void of detail. Jewell and Meara (1970) observed the same phenomenon with cryofixed samples of lard and shortening viewed with TEM. 

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