Cross-linking agent bifunctional molecules

PBQ is a bifunctional cross-linking agent (Section 11.2.3.1.2) for tissue constituents and is, therefore, used at lower concentrations (0.4-0.5% in PBS). Fixation for 30 min at room temperature has been particularly successful for the visualization of neuropeptides and other small molecules (lessen et al., 1980 lessen, 1983). PBQ reacts not only with proteins but also with sugars. 

Action of Cross-Linking Agents. The pectin macromolecules may be linked together by reaction with bifunctional molecules, like formaldehyde, diepoxybutane, or mustard gas (6, 12). 

Cisplatin was discovered fortuitously by observing that bacteria present in electrolysis solutions could not divide. It is hypothesized that in the intracellular environment, a chloride is lost and replaced by a water molecule. The resulting species is an efficient bifunctional interactor with DNA, forming platinum-based cross-links similar to that formed by alkylating agents. 

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