Critical bond length

The instability condition requires that the derivative of the partial debond stress with respect to the remaining bond length z = L — j k equal to or less than zero, i.e., dtr /dz O (Kim et al., 1991). Therefore, the fiber debond process becomes unstable if L - t) is smaller than a critical bond length, Zmax. where the slopes of the curves become zero in Figs. 4.23 and 4.24. At these bond lengths, the partial debond stress, maximum debond stress, crj. The Zmax value is determined from Eq. (4.102) as... 

As we have seen in earlier chapters, an important and much discussed bond property is the bond length. The length of a bond depends on its strength, and it therefore also depends on the bond critical point density and on the atomic charges. 

Table 8.3 gives the experimental and calculated bond length and angles, and the calculated atomic charges, bonding radii, and the bond critical point densities, for the hydrides of the... 

Table 8.15 Bond Lengths, Bond Angles, Bond Critical Point Densities, and Atomic Charges for (HnX)20 Molecules...

Table 9.3 gives the calculated and experimental bond lengths and bond angles and the calculated atomic charges and bond critical point densities for the hydrides of the period 3 el-... 

Table 9.2 Experimental and Calculated Bond Lengths and Bond Angles and Calculated Atomic Charges and Bond Critical Point Densities for the Period 3 Chlorides...

Problem What is the critical weighting i/>dip of the alternative dipolar amide resonance structure in (5.102) that would reverse the preference for pseudo-c/s over pseudo-trans geometry at Cal What are the corresponding bond lengths Rco and Rcn at this critical resonance weighting ... 

A semiempirical procedure based on isodesmic reactions is used to determine unknown heats of formation. The choice of the isodesmic reaction is critical for the validity of the approach. By definition, all the bonds are conserved in number and nature in this type of process. Also, the bond lengths of equivalent bonds in reactants and products should be as similar as possible. The stabihzation energies are based on the type of isodesmic reaction which is given for the influence of amino- and cyano-groups in a captodative radical in equation (3). Only radicals appear as reactants and... 

A further curious feature of KHjPO and KD PO has recently been reported (Endo et al., 1989). In KHjPO at room temperature (which is above T, the hydrogen-bond length decreases initially with increasing pressure from 249.8 pm (0.0001 GPa) to 244.3 pm (1.4 GPa), then increases suddenly at the critical pressure of 2.7 GPa to 245.7 pm, and finally reaches 255.4 pm at 5 GPa. The same effect occurs with KDjPO at its critical pressure of 4.2 GPa. 

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