Crinipellis stipitaria

Pyrene is metabolized by the fungus Crinipellis stipitaria to 1-hydroxypyrene, and this has a spectrum of toxic effects substantially greater than those of pyrene these include cytotoxicity to HeLa S3 cells, toxicity to a number of bacteria and to the nematode Cae-norhabditis elegans (Lambert et al. 1995). 

Lambert M, S Kremer, H Anke (1995) Antimicrobial, phytotoxic, nematicidal, cytotoxic, and mutagenic activities of 1-hydroxypyrene, the initial metabolite in pyrene metabolism by the basidiomycete Crinipellis stipitaria. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 55 251-257. 

Lange B, Kremer S, Sterner O, Anke H (1995) Indnction of secondary metabolism by environmental pollutants metabolism of pyrene and formation of 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin by Crinipellis stipitaria JK 364. ZNaturforsch 50c 806-812. 

Lange B, S Kremer, O Sterner, A Anke (1994) Pyrene metabolism in Crinipellis stipitaria identification of fran5-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxypyrene and 1-pyrenylsulfate in strain KJ364. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 3602-3607. 

Lambert, M., Kremer, S., Sterner, O. Anke, H. (1994). Metabolism of pyrene by the basidiomycete Crinipellis stipitaria and identification of pyrenequinones and their hydroxylated precursors in strain JK375. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60, 3597-601. 

As yet the only known natural compounds with a tet-raquinane skeleton, isolated from cultures of the agaric Crinipellis stipitaria (Basidiomycetes). The diterpen-... 

Tetraquinanes. Diterpenoids with the 12-isopropyl-4,8,1 l-trimethyltetracyclo[6.6.0.0 ".0 ]tetradecane skeleton, which was first found in the crinipellins from the fiingus Crinipellis stipitaria (Agaricales). 

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