Cretaceous events

Hollander D. J., McKenzie J. A., and Hsii K. J. (1993) Carbon isotope evidence for unusual plankton blooms and fluctuations of surface water CO2 in Strangelove Ocean after terminal Cretaceous event. Palaeogeogr. PalaeocUmat. Palaeoecol. 104, 119-Til. 

There have been a number of suggestions in the past that an extraterrestrial object impacting on the. earth caused or could cause massive extinctions of life. E. J. Opik [11], for example, discussed the lethal effects which could be caused by the heat generated from such objects striking the earth, and H. C. Urey [12] stated specifically that a comet was probably the cause of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions. There have also been science fiction stories and a movie relating to the effects. The events likely to occur if the sunlight were temporarily "turned off" have also been discussed [13]. Our deduction in contrast to the others is based on physical science data (the iridium anomaly) and is the only explanation we found which explained the Ir anomaloy could cause the massive extinction of life and was likely to occur in a period of 100 million years. 

Smit, J. and Hertogen, J., An extraterrestrial event at the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary, Nature 285, 198-200 (1980). 

Surlyk, Finn, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event, Nature 285, 187-188 (1980). 

While it has been thought that felsic dykes are only associated with the Middle Cretaceous Mount Nansen magmatic event in the Dawson Range, it appears that the Late Cretaceous Carmack s event also generated felsic dykes ... 

Mineralization in the Dawson Range is related either to the Middle Cretaceous Mount Nansen and Late Cretaceous Carmacks magmatic events (Mortensen et al. 2003) or only to the Late Cretaceous Carmacks magmatic event (Smuk et al. 1997 Selby Creaser2001). 

As other sectors of the Apennine chain, central Apennines have been affected by various tectonic phases. Compressional events dominated from Upper Cretaceous to Lower Pliocene and generated fragmentation of the carbonate platform and intensive thrusting and folding. Extensional tectonics dominated from Middle Pliocene to present. It initially affected the Tyrrhenian Sea border and successively shifted eastward, generating intensive NW-SE faulting with development of graben-horst systems. 

Ohkouchi, N., Kashiyama, Y., Kuroda, Y., Ogawa, N. O., and Kitazato, H. (2006). The importance of diazotrophic cyanobacteria as primary producers during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. Biogeosciences 3, 467—478. 

We conclude that it is possible to determine the maturity of a sediment by examination of the properties of kerogen and tetrapyrrole pigments. In fact, a fairly detailed reconstruction of the chemical events surrounding a Miocene intrusion into a Cretaceous shale has been possible. 

Warren P. H., Claeys P., and Cedillo-Pardo E. (1996) Megaimpact melt petrology (Chicxulub, Sudbury, and the Moon) effects of scale and other factors on potential for fractional crystallization and development of cumulates. In The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History, Spec. Pap. 307 (eds. G. Ryder, D. Fastovsky, and S. Gartner). Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp. 105-124. 

Kinny P. D. and Dawson J. B. (1992) A mantle metasomatic injection event linked to late Cretaceous kimberlite magma-tism. Nature 360, 726-728. 

These phenomena were accompanied by an extinction event that resulted in the demise of 26% of all known genera (Sepkoski, 1986). Although the overall extinction rate is much lower than that at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, deep water marine invertebrates fared much worse in the CTB event (Kaiho, 1994). This difference supports the view that anomalous oceanic volcanism around the CTB may have played a significant role in the environmental and biotic crisis at this time (Kerr, 1998). 

Bralower T. J., Sliter W. V., Arthur T. J., Lekie R. M., Allard D. J., and Schlanger S. O. (1993) Dysoxic/anoxic events in the Aptian-Albian (Early Cretaceous). In The Mesozoic Pacific Geology, Tectonics, and Volcanism, American Geophysical Union Monograph 77 (eds. M. S. Pringle, W. W. Sager, W. V. Sliter, and S. Stein), pp. 5-37. 

HaUam A. (1987a) End-Cretaceous mass extinction event argument for terrestrial causation. Science 238, 1237-1242. 

Jenkyns H. C. (1980) Cretaceous anoxic events from continents to oceans. J. Geol Soc. London 137, 171-188. 

Arthur M. A. and Dean W. E. (1991) An holistic geochemical approach to cyclomania examples from Cretaceous pelagic limestone sequences. In Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy (eds. G. Einsele, W. Ricken, and A. Seilacher). Springer, Berlin, pp. 126-166. 

Herbert T. D., Stallard R. F., and Fischer A. G. (1986) Anoxic events, productivity rhythms, and the orbital signature in a mid-Cretaceous deep-sea sequence from central Italy. Paleoceanography 1, 495-506. 

Kuypers M. M. M (2001) Mechanisms and biogeochemical impheations of the mid-Cretaceous global organic carbon burial events. PhD Dissertation, Universitiet Utrecht, 135pp (unpubhshed). 

Kuypers M. M. M., Blokker P., Erbacher J., Kinkel H., Pancost R. D., Schouten S., and Sinninghe Damste J. S. (2001) Massive expansion of marine Archea during a Mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event. Science 293, 92-94. 

Meyers S., Sageman B., and Lyons T. The role of sulfate reduction in organic matter degradation and molybdenum accumulation theoretical framework and application to a Cretaceous organic matter burial event, Cenomanian-Turonian OAE II. Paleoceanography (in review). 

Pratt L., Arthur M., Dean W., and Scholle P. (1993) Paleoceanographic cycles and events during the late Cretaceous in the Western Interior Seaway of North America. In The Evolution of the Western Interior Basin. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 39 (eds. W. G. E. Caldwell and E. G. Kauffman) Geological Association of Canada, St. John s, pp. 333-353. 

Schlanger S. O. and Jenkyns H. C. (1976b) Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events causes and consequences. Geologie En... 

Officer C. B. and Drake C. L. (1985) Terminal Cretaceous environmental events. Science 227, 1161-1167. 

Only reported from a mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event nonhyperthermophilic marine Crenarchaeota ... 

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