Creation of Defects on Silica Surface

The surface groups S with the highest free energy should be most efficient in the processes of chemical modification. In this case, one can expect the formation of a great variety of modification products (SR groups). For the compounds with the directional chemical bonds between the neighboring atoms in the main crystalline and amorphous silica modifications, these are the products of bond rupture and/or its rearrangement. 

Now let us dwell upon the methods used in this work for the defect generation at the silica surface. 

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