Creatinine critical values

The critical value of renal excretion should be about 70 pg I/g creatinine [Bauch 1982].In the eastern part of Germany the iodine supply has been improved. However, the iodine intake is not yet sufficient according to the WHO-recommandation and lies below this critical threshold. 

Renal function can be grossly assessed by hourly measurements of urine output, but estimation of creatinine clearance based on isolated serum creatinine values in critically ill patients may yield erroneous results. Decreased renal perfusion and aldosterone release result in sodium retention and, thus, low urinary sodium (<30 mEq/L). 

In summary, it can be concluded that the probability of developing Cd-induced renal dysfunction in male Cd workers appears to be very low when the critical CdU level of 10 yg/g creatinine is not regularly exceeded. This CdU level corresponds to an average cadmium body burden of 160 mg. From the dose-response relationship between CdB and the prevalence of signs of renal dysfunction, at least in workers currently exposed to cadmium, a value of 1 yg Cd/100 ml whole blood is proposed as a tentative no-effect level for long-term Cd exposure (Buchet et al. 1980b). 

Thijssen et al. [94] when the body Cd burden is low). When the concentration of Cd in the epithelial cells reaches a threshold value of 150-200 pg/g wet weight [17,217,219] Cd disrupts tubular reabsorptive processes and the excretion of Cd and MT begin to increase in a linear manner, which is associated with the onset of polyuria and proteinuria (see section on kidney). The early, linear phases of Cd and MT excretion mirror the level of Cd exposure whereas the later increases in excretion reflect Cd-induced tubular injury. Urinary levels of Cd in non-exposed populations are usually below 0.5 pg/g creatinine. The critical urinary Cd concentration that is associated with the onset of renal injury is about 2-10 pg/g creatinine, which corresponds to the critical renal cortical Cd concentration of 150-200 pg/g tissue [17,217,219]. But there is significant evidence that even lower urinary levels of Cd may be associated with adverse renal effects [150,414,415]. The critical urinary level of MT that is associated with the onset of overt kidney injury is 300 pg/g creatinine, which is based on a value of 2-3 pg urinary Cd/g creatinine [416,417] or even less [418]. 

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