Covalent cryogel preparation

Examples of the majority of the reported covalent cryogels prepared from macromolecular precursors are given in Table 2. These data show that such cryogels based on natural and synthetic polymers can be synthesized by chemical crosslinking or by irradiation techniques in fi ozen aqueous, organic, or mixed water-organic media. Thus, the chemical structure, physico-chemical properties. 

Table 2 Examples of covalent cryogels prepared by crosslinking of macromolecular precursors in moderately frozen systems... 

Preparation of Cryogels by Covalent Crosslinking of High Molecular Weight... 

The above classification of the precursor systems is also convenient for an overview of the cryogel story, since different types of polymeric cryogels at the early stages of their history have been discovered virtually independently. This situation continued at least until the beginning of 1980s, when general approaches for the preparation of covalently crosslinked cryogels based on both monomeric and polymeric precursors were elaborated and patented [35]. The listed variants are considered here in the same sequence. 

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