Coulomb repulsion definition

Negative adsorption occurs when a charged solid surface faces an ion in an aqueous suspension and the ion is repelled from the surface by Coulomb forces. The Coulomb repulsion produces a region in the aqueous solution that is depleted of the anion and an equivalent region far from the surface that is relatively enriched. Sposito (1984) characterized this macroscopic phenomenon through the definition of the relative surface excess of an anion in a suspension, by... 

Equation (4.49) indicates that for this wave function the classical Coulomb repulsion between the electron clouds in orbitals a and b is reduced by Kab, where the definition of this integral may be inferred from comparing the third equality to the fourth. This fascinating consequence of the Pauli principle reflects the reduced probability of finding two electrons of the same spin close to one another - a so-called Fermi hole is said to surround each electron. 

The exact meaning of the exchange-correlation energy is a difficult one, partly because the DFT definitions of exchange and correlation are not exactly the same as those used in wave-function methods. As mentioned in the previous section, electron correlation arises from the correlated behavior between electrons that is not accounted for in the mean-field Hartree-Fock approach. The exchange energy is the total electron-electron repulsion minus the Coulomb repulsion, and is basically a consequence of the Pauli principle, which states that no two electrons can have the same quantum numbers, i. e. two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spin. 

In a survey of forces which bind material systems into their various configurations the first question to arise is that of the interactions in the atomic nucleus itself. To this question only a partial answer can be given. The real components of the nucleus are not definitively known, and the part played by mesons is uncertain, but a reasonable working hypothesis, which accounts for at least some of the facts, is that the bxiilding-blocks consist of neutrons and protons. Between these two kinds of particle an attractive force is postulated, and in opposition to the attraction there is the Coulombic repulsion of the protons for one another. If there are Z protons and N neutrons, the approximate atomic weight A will be given hy A = N- -Z, and the atomic number, or nuclear charge will be Z. 

When two molecules approach each other, the electron clouds surrounding each molecule would be expected to interact and create a repulsive force tending to push them apart. This repulsive force would arise from simple coulombic repulsion of charges. However, because of the differences in shape and size of molecules, no definite theoretical treatment of this short-range repulsion force has been established. This repulsive interaction has been described by the following general formula ... 

We shall start with the so-called intermediate-field case. In many of the ionic complexes of the 3group elements, while the free ion energies due to the Coulomb repulsion between electrons have the order of magnitude of 10 to 10 cm, energies of the cubic crystal field are of the order of 10 cm. So we can treat the effect of the latter as the perturbation acting on the multiplet terms characterized by definite values of L and S. 

From these definitions, it follows that Kii=Jg. Also note that the Coulomb repulsion between two electrons is independent of their spins while the exchange repulsion vanishes unless their spins are the same.J,j- is repulsive (i.e., positive) and represents the electrostatic repulsion between electron fj, in orbital jfj and electron v in orbital j. It increases with increasing the overlap between the electron densities and... 

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