Coulomb energy minimal properties

E.3. Edges and Faces of Coulomb Polyhedra E.4. Minimal Properties of Coulomb Energies 5. Conjectures Concerning the Stable Equilibrium Configurations of Complex Gradient... 

The fourth and final quantum number, m, is associated with the spin of an electron. Its value can be + /i or —Vi. An orbital can only contain two electrons, and their spin quantum numbers must be oppositely signed (termed spin paired) if the electrons reside in the same orbital. Because electrons have wave-like properties, these waves are overlapping in space when the electrons are in the same orbital. However, because the electrons are negatively charged and have particle character also, they tend to repel each other. As a result, their movements are actually correlated, so as to keep the like charges apart. Correlation is the ability of an electron to feel the trajectory of another electron and therefore alter its own course so as to minimize Coulombic repulsions and keep the energy of the system to a minimum. 

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