Cosmic-ray abundance

Figure 1. Comparison of cosmic-ray abundances with abundances of nuclei in the solar system (Shapiro Silberberg, 1970).

The final word on nucleogenesis has obviously not been spoken. There are just too many loose ends and imwarranted assumptions to provide a consistent picture. Too many alternative mechanisms are ignored without mention or comment. The role of black holes, quasars, Seyfert galaxies and white holes, all of which could participate in a chain of nuclear synthesis, is not understood and therefore ignored. Even cosmic ray abundances, matched on the scale of solar abundances show up some important discrepancies. Both H and He have low abundances in cosmic rays, whereas the elements Li, Be and B are 5 orders of magnitude more abimdant. The relatively low... 

Small, but significant, differences between solar, meteoric and cosmic-ray abundances imply that environmental effects, which vary between different space-time regions, are also at play in nucleogenesis. 

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