Corruption, China

Kanlinite is a mineral of widespread occurrence, well distributed throughout the world, The finest kaolinite locality in Europe is said to he in France, from whence the clay is obtained for porcelain ware. Cornwall and Devonshire in England supply large quanlities of this mineral. In the United States, Pennsylvania. Virginia. Colorado. Georgia, and South Carolina contain deposits of kaolinite. The word kaolin or kaolinitc is said to he a corruption of a Chinese word kauliug. the name of a locality where this mineral is found, Kaolinite is very important commercially in the manufacture of china and pottery. 

With its officials routinely bribed, China quickly became a haven for corruption, lawlessness, and addiction. In desperation, the imperial government made opium illegal in 1836 and took action against Chinese merchants and Western traders who continued to traffic in the drug. This and other trade disputes with the British led to the first of two Opium Wars. 

Even in China, where the British Crown brazenly pursued its opium policy, it operated through the corrupted Soong family which carried out the day-to-day business operations for Jardine Matheson. 

J. Wang, T. Chen, L. Wang, A blind approach to identification of Hammerstein-Wiener systems corrupted by nonlinear-process noise, Proceedings of the 7th Asian Control Conference, Hong Kong, China, August 27-29,2009. 

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