Correlation uptake

Fig. 8.4. Example of pre-thera-peutic CT, FDG-PET, MA A SPECT and post-therapeutic distribution of SIR-Spheres (bremsstrahlung SPECT) in a 75-year-old male patient with colorectal cancer. The images show correlating uptake of FDG and MAA in the metas-tases [most prominently visualized in the large metastasis of the left liver lobe (arrow)]. Also note inhomogeneous uptake pattern of MAA in the unaffected liver tissue limiting the use of MAA SPECT as a screening method for lesion detection...

TPD is frequently used to detenuine (relative) surface coverages. The area below a TPD spectrum of a certain species is proportional to the total amount that desorbs. In this way one can detennine uptake curves that correlate gas exposure to surface coverage. If tire pumping rate of the UHV system is sufiBciently high, the mass spectrometer signal for a particular desorption product is linearly proportional to the desorption rate of the adsorbate [20, 21] ... 

In contrast to oxidation in water, it has been found that 1-alkenes are directly oxidized with molecular oxygen in anhydrous, aprotic solvents, when a catalyst system of PdCl2(MeCN)2 and CuCl is used together with HMPA. In the absence of HMPA, no reaction takes place(100]. In the oxidation of 1-decene, the Oj uptake correlates with the amount of 2-decanone formed, and up to 0.5 mol of O2 is consumed for the production of 1 mol of the ketone. This result shows that both O atoms of molecular oxygen are incorporated into the product, and a bimetallic Pd(II) hydroperoxide coupled with a Cu salt is involved in oxidation of this type, and that the well known redox catalysis of PdXi and CuX is not always operalive[10 ]. The oxidation under anhydrous conditions is unique in terms of the regioselective formation of aldehyde 59 from X-allyl-A -methylbenzamide (58), whereas the use of aqueous DME results in the predominant formation of the methyl ketone 60. Similar results are obtained with allylic acetates and allylic carbonates[102]. The complete reversal of the regioselectivity in PdCli-catalyzed oxidation of alkenes is remarkable. 

Fig. 33. Correlation of NMP uptake with polymer T for a series of 24 different polymeric films. All films were heated after coating at 100°C for 300...

Although a correlation between BET surface areas from 77 K nitrogen isotherms and methane uptake at 298 K and 3.5 MPa has been shown for many carbon adsorbents, [11, 20], deviations from this relationship have been observed [20]. However, as a primary screening process for possible carbonaceous adsorbents for natural gas, this remains a useful relationship. It should be noted that this correlation only seems to be applicable for active carbons. 

For example, Novasina S.A. (www.novasina.com), a Swiss company specializing in the manufacture of devices to measure humidity in air, has developed a new sensor based on the non-synthetic application of an ionic liquid. The new concept makes simple use of the close correlation between the water uptake of an ionic liquid and its conductivity increase. In comparison with existing sensors based on polymer membranes, the new type of ionic liquid sensor shows significantly faster response times (up to a factor of 2.5) and less sensitivity to cross contamination (with alcohols, for example). Each sensor device contains about 50 pi of ionic liquid, and the new sensor system became available as a commercial product in 2002. Figure 9-1 shows a picture of the sensor device containing the ionic liquid, and Figure 9-2 displays the whole humidity analyzer as commercialized by Novasina S.A.. 

In humans, carotenoids were reported in liver, adrenals, testes, kidneys, lungs, skin, eyes, and adipose tissnes. Adipose tissne seems to be the main storage site, together with the liver acconnting for at least 80% of carotenoid storage. It was suggested that the tissue distribution of carotenoids may correlate with the LDL uptake in tissnes expressing LDL receptors at their surfaces, but this does not explain why some tissues show marked enrichment in specific carotenoids, i.e., the hnman macnla accumulates specifically the two xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin. 

Storage are the fresh and 75 h aged Pd ly TWCs (Cl and C2), and it is likely that rare earth oxides do contribute to oxygen up es in those catalysts. Interestingly, the C1 and C2 catalysts are the only pair which show a correlation between oxygen uptake and noble metal dispersion (i-e. the oxygen titrated by the first CO pulse drops from 35.5 to 27.2 /i-mol O/g-cat. as the dispersion drops from 10.8% (Cl) to 3.5% (C2)). 

Isolated hepatocytes incubated with ionic iron rapidly undergo lipid peroxidation. Some studies have not shown a consequent decrease in viability (as indicated by uptake of trypan blue or release of enzymes). This is probably a result of short incubation times, as changes in viability lag behind increases in lipid peroxidation, and may not occur for more than 2 h after lipid peroxidation begins (Bacon and Britton, 1990). Recent studies have shown strong correlations between increased lipid peroxidation [production of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactants] and loss of cell viability (trypan blue staining) (Bacon and Britton, 1989). The significance of the lag between lipid peroxidation and decreases in cell viability is as yet uncertain. 

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